La vendemmia 2023 nella Valle del Rodano è stata – come altrove in Francia – calda e secca, ma non così calda come il 2022. L’autunno precedente è stato piovoso, ma da gennaio a marzo 2023 non è praticamente caduta pioggia (infatti, non è caduta una goccia tra il 21 gennaio e il 21 febbraio). 
 La pioggia è arrivata a metà maggio e ci sono stati frequenti piccoli rovesci fino alla fine di giugno, fornendo appena abbastanza acqua per evitare stress idrico significativo. Fioritura e allegagione sono avvenute senza problemi, ma con il proseguire dei rovesci, è comparsa la minaccia di peronospora e marciume nero, che hanno richiesto gestione per evitare danni al raccolto. 
 La fine di agosto ha portato una nuova sfida, con un’ondata di caldo che ha visto le temperature raggiungere i 40-42°C per due settimane. Sono stati segnalati problemi di maturazione bloccata e la morte di giovani viti, ma fortunatamente il clima si è raffreddato e settembre ha offerto un notevole sbalzo termico giornaliero, aiutando a mantenere aromi e acidità in vista della vendemmia. I vini bianchi sono stati raccolti principalmente ad agosto, prima della fine dell’ondata di caldo, mentre la vendemmia dei rossi è avvenuta durante un’estate indiana, con l’ultima uva raccolta intorno a metà ottobre. 
 Il Rodano settentrionale ha affrontato sfide aggiuntive, con grandine a Cornas, Crozes-Hermitage e Saint-Joseph, seguita il 18 settembre da piogge torrenziali – oltre 100 mm in una sola notte. La parte settentrionale dell’appellation ha evitato questo diluvio, con soli 20 mm. Ecco cosa dicono i critici sui vini. Jeb Dunnuck Jeb Dunnuck sta gradualmente pubblicando i suoi rapporti sul Rodano 2023, iniziando da Châteauneuf-du-Pape e Gigondas. 
A Châteauneuf-du-Pape, il 2023 è “un’altra vendemmia solida”, scrive, offrendo “una serie di vini maturi ma non eccessivi, puri e affascinanti con molto da amare”. Li trova più fruttati in modo scuro e più freschi rispetto ai “solari ed esuberanti 2022”, con uno “stile morbido, pieno ed elegante e un bell’equilibrio complessivo”. Non sono intensamente concentrati, dice, ma “brillano per il loro stile equilibrato, stratificato e seducente”. Combinano freschezza e profondità, e sono “alla pari, se non leggermente superiori, ai 2022”, afferma Dunnuck, ritenendo che avranno anche maggiore longevità rispetto ai 2022 – paragonandoli stilisticamente ai vini del 2020, 2018 o 2012. Pur non essendo “veramente eccezionali”, i bevitori troveranno “una ricchezza di bellissimi vini”. 
 Per quanto riguarda Gigondas, ritiene i vini “puri, eleganti e splendidamente equilibrati” – ricordando il 2020 o il 2012, “più freschi ed eleganti dei 2022”. La vendemmia è stata la prima in cui i bianchi erano ammessi nell’appellation, e questi sono altamente raccomandati – “bianchi splendidamente freschi, concentrati ma focalizzati, che mostrano il carattere calcareo e minerale dell’appellation”. 
Esplora i rapporti, le note e i punteggi di Jeb Dunnuck sul suo sito (solo abbonati). Drink Rhône – John Livingstone-Learmonth Finora, John Livingstone-Learmonth ha pubblicato solo riflessioni sul Rodano settentrionale del 2023, dove lo giudica “buono” ma non “spettacolare”. I rossi hanno “livelli ragionevoli di tannino”, mentre i bianchi, scrive, sono “un acquisto sicuro”. 
 A Cornas, scrive, i vini hanno accessibilità, ma non hanno “struttura o sostanza per competere con le annate longeve come il 2015 o il 2019”. Ritiene che i vini piaceranno a un pubblico moderno, equilibrati con tannini raffinati e i migliori destinati a essere bevuti in oltre 20 anni, sebbene sia consigliato un acquisto selettivo. A Crozes-Hermitage, questo è particolarmente vero, avverte Livingstone-Learmonth, evidenziando sia peronospora che grandine, anche se i migliori sono impressionanti – con “tannini compatti” e “contenuto elegante”, con potenziale di valutazioni a cinque stelle. I 2023 di Côte-Rôtie sembrano distinguersi, aromatici con alcol moderato, anche se non eccessivamente strutturati. I risultati, secondo Livingstone-Learmonth, sono “molto soddisfacenti”, con “esuberanza piacevole e abbondanza di frutta” – vini che prevede di bere per circa 25 anni. Esplora il rapporto completo, le note e i punteggi di John Livingstone-Learmonth sul suo sito (solo abbonati). Decanter – Matt Walls Sia nel nord che nel sud della regione, la vendemmia ottiene un modesto 3,5 su 5 da Matt Walls di Decanter. Sottolinea quanto siano stati “cruciali” i rovesci di maggio e giugno in un anno altrimenti caldo e secco, anche se hanno portato pressione da malattie. 
 A differenza di altre vendemmie recenti, Walls evidenzia l’approcciabilità dei 2023 – perfetti da bere in attesa di altre annate (incluso il 2022). Dice che i vini sono forse comparabili in qualità ai 2022, ma molto più aperti. Nel Rodano settentrionale e meridionale, ritiene che i bianchi siano più coerenti dei rossi – offrendo “intensità, freschezza ed energia”. 
 I rossi sono di qualità più variabile. Nel sud, si trovano “vini succosi, accessibili e da bere giovani”, dice, “maturi con tannini morbidi e acidità gentile”, ma “con espressione dettagliata del terroir”. Pur essendo Châteauneuf-du-Pape eterogeneo (alcuni vini con scarsa acidità e alto grado alcolico), Vinsobres, Lirac, Beaumes de Venise e Rasteau hanno eccelso quest’anno. Consiglia di prestare attenzione ai vini con Mourvèdre in assemblaggio, che portano “benvenuta fibra”. 
 Nel Rodano settentrionale, la situazione è stata più difficile. La grandine ha colpito Saint-Joseph, Cornas e Crozes-Hermitage, e il 18 settembre c’è stata una forte pioggia che ha danneggiato le vigne e causato diluizione. Côte-Rôtie, Condrieu e Saint-Joseph settentrionale hanno evitato la tempesta (20 contro 100 mm altrove) producendo vini “eccellenti”, secondo Walls. Molti rossi del Nord sono freschi e morbidi, ma ci sono “Côte-Rôtie” di gran qualità, e Cornas offre vini “minerali e rinfrescanti” distintamente erbacei. Walls nota anche numerosi bianchi vibranti e freschi, specialmente a Hermitage, dove i bianchi supereranno in longevità i rossi. 
Esplora il rapporto completo, le note e i punteggi di Matt Walls su Decanter (solo abbonati). Wine Advocate – Yohan Castaing Yohan Castaing non ha ancora pubblicato la copertura completa della vendemmia 2023 nel Rodano, ma ha fornito due rapporti sui bianchi di Châteauneuf-du-Pape e Gigondas, la prima annata in cui i bianchi sono ammessi secondo le regole dell’appellation. In generale, ritiene che i bianchi del Rodano meridionale 2023 siano “aromatici ed eleganti, con acidità brillanti, cuore ben definito e buon potenziale di invecchiamento”. A Châteauneuf, i profili aromatici ricordano il 2022 e considera i vini molto buoni o eccellenti, con acidità che “bilancia la potenza naturale e i tipici livelli di pH elevati delle varietà meridionali”. Lo attribuisce in parte a maggiore precisione in vigneto e cantina, sebbene alcuni vini “mancano ancora di dinamismo e tensione”. 
 I primi bianchi a portare il nome dell’appellation Gigondas (provenienti da circa 12 ettari di vigneti bianchi) offrono “uno scorcio promettente” di ciò che verrà. Favorisce le pure espressioni di Clairette dei complessi suoli di Gigondas, anche se l’uva rappresenta ancora almeno il 70% dell’assemblaggio. Tuttavia, i 2023, secondo Castaing, hanno “freschezza, tensione e complessità straordinarie”, esemplificando “l’eleganza e la purezza che Gigondas Blanc ricerca, bilanciando struttura e vivacità”. 
 Esplora il rapporto completo, le note e i punteggi dei bianchi di Châteauneuf-du-Pape e Gigondas su Wine Advocate (solo abbonati). Vinous – Nicolas Greinacher A Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Nicolas Greinacher di Vinous trova che il 2023 “promette di essere un anno delizioso sia per i rossi che per i bianchi”. Coprendo la stagione di crescita, nota che i siti più argillosi hanno avuto migliori risultati rispetto ai suoli più sabbiosi, trattenendo l’umidità chiave durante il caldo dell’anno. Ritiene i rossi di questa appellation da buoni a molto buoni, più accessibili dei 2022, e “sebbene generalmente non destinati a durare quanto i 2022, i migliori 2023 sono fatti per durare”. Li trova “attraenti”, “profumati” e “succosi”. Per i bianchi, li considera generosi nello stile – pari ai rossi in qualità, con acidità più brillante rispetto ai 2022. 
 Nel Rodano settentrionale, i rossi sono – scrive – “sorprendentemente freschi, calmi ed equilibrati”, con frutta matura e “tannini gentili”. Non sono strutturati e longevi come i 2022, ma più aperti e accessibili in gioventù, con “vini eccellenti in ogni appellation destinati a durare”. Côte-Rôtie si distingue quest’anno per vini “inquietantemente eleganti”, mentre Cornas offre vini di “austerità granitica, polposità, audacia e concentrazione aromatica elevata” (pur non essendo “blockbuster”). Saint-Joseph è più vario, mentre i bianchi di Condrieu sono per lo più “vivaci, freschi ed espressivi, sebbene non precisi ed eleganti come nel 2021”. 
 Esplora i rapporti completi, note e punteggi su Châteauneuf-du-Pape e Rodano settentrionale su Vinous (solo abbonati). jancisrobinson.com – Alistair Cooper MW e James Lawther MW James Lawther MW ha coperto il Rodano settentrionale e Alistair Cooper MW il Rodano meridionale per jancisrobinson.com. A nord, Lawther trova il 2023 “più elegante e accessibile” rispetto al potere e concentrazione delle annate 2018, 2019, 2020 e 2022. I rossi hanno generalmente basso alcol (massimo 13%), con pH relativamente alti, ma risultano molto freschi, con tannini morbidi e frutta “succosa e golosa” – offrendo un profilo più “classico”, secondo lui. Côte-Rôtie ha prodotto alcuni dei migliori vini della vendemmia, più coerenti di Cornas, Crozes-Hermitage (entrambi con grandine) o Saint-Joseph, pieni di “equilibrio e fascino anche se non destinati a lungo invecchiamento”. 
 Al sud, la storia è diversa, secondo Cooper – un anno definito da condizioni calde e secche. Pur producendo alcuni “rossi di altissima qualità” a Châteauneuf-du-Pape, la selezione è fondamentale, con alcuni vini troppo dolci e alcolici, sebbene i migliori siano eccellenti, con potenza e concentrazione. I migliori bianchi dell’appellation offrono freschezza e mineralità, anche se alcuni tendono alla morbidezza, rendendo le date di raccolta cruciali. Cooper nota qualità variabile in Vacqueyras e Gigondas – per quest’ultima in parte a causa dei suoli più sabbiosi, meno capaci di trattenere acqua nell’anno secco. In generale, tuttavia, i crus meridionali hanno prodotto “vini in gran parte di buona qualità” – con Cairanne, Lirac e Rasteau in particolare ospiti di “vini equilibrati e attraenti in abbondanza”. 
Esplora i rapporti completi, note e punteggi su jancisrobinson.com (solo abbonati). Aggiorneremo questa sezione man mano che saranno pubblicati altri rapporti.

L'annata 2023 è stata tutt'altro che facile nella Valle del Rodano, ma ha chiaramente prodotto vini affascinanti. Mentre i critici pubblicano i loro resoconti sull'annata, riassumiamo cosa dicono dell'annata e dei suoi vini, da Châteauneuf-du-Pape a Côte-Rôtie.

As the Rhone starts to release its 2023s, here’s what the world’s leading critics–Jeb Dunnuck, Decanter, Vinous, the Wine Advocate–are saying about the wines 

Rhone 2023 – what the critics are saying 

Rodano 2023: il verdetto della critica

Alcuni dei primi ricordi di Nicolas Champagneux riguardano la vita tra le vigne – il trambusto della vendemmia con i suoi nonni. Non è la fatica che ricorda, ma “des bons moments de famille”, mi racconta – lo spirito conviviale che pervadeva l’aria. È cresciuto nel cuore della Côte-Rôtie, trascorrendo fine settimana e vacanze nel vigneto di famiglia – un’ampia porzione di Les Grandes Places, un sito rinomato nel comune di Verenay, dove il suo bisnonno piantò le viti all’inizio del XX secolo. 
 Les Grandes Places è un sito straordinario – il produttore più famoso è probabilmente Jean-Michel Gérin. Nella parte nord della Côte Brune, in un anfiteatro esposto a sud-ovest, questo pendio scosceso ha suoli friabili di mica scistosa che permettono alle radici delle viti di penetrare profondamente nella roccia madre. È casa di alcune viti molto vecchie – come quelle centenarie coltivate da Champagneux – e produce vini di grande eleganza ma con una potenza scura e carnosa. Champagneux possiede quasi due ettari qui, detenendo le maggiori superfici. 
 Lo zio di Nicolas, André, prese in gestione il vigneto dopo i nonni, mentre suo padre Gérard andò a lavorare in fabbrica. All’epoca non c’erano abbastanza risorse per permettere a entrambi i fratelli di unirsi all’attività di famiglia, e la Côte-Rôtie non era così ricercata come oggi. A parte un paio di barrique per consumo personale, la famiglia non vinificava, coltivando il sito e vendendo quasi tutta l’uva a Guigal, uno dei nomi più famosi del Rodano settentrionale. 
 Infatti, oltre al vigneto di famiglia, Nicolas trascorse molto tempo da Guigal – dopo che suo padre Gérard lasciò la fabbrica per dirigere il loro team di viticoltura. Dai 16 anni, Nicolas lavorava lì durante le vacanze per guadagnare un po’ di soldi. Quando compì 18 anni, dovette trovarsi un lavoro: era deciso a non lavorare in ufficio e amava stare all’aria aperta, così finì per diventare elettricista ad alta tensione – lavorando con correnti di 20.000 volt. “Non eri mai nello stesso posto, ogni giorno era diverso, ogni compito era diverso – quindi non c’era monotonia”, racconta. Spesso finiva presto la giornata e – contadino nato e cresciuto, poco incline al concetto di riposo – andava ad aiutare nel vigneto di famiglia. Quando suo zio morì, non c’era nessun altro che potesse prendere in mano il domaine – così decise di farlo lui, determinato a preservare l’eredità familiare. Scelse di tenere l’uva e iniziare a produrre vino con il nome di famiglia, desideroso di vedere gli sforzi dell’anno racchiusi in bottiglia. Sapeva come lavorare le vigne ma non aveva mai sognato di diventare vignaiolo – tuttavia, senza lasciarsi scoraggiare dalla sfida, imparò sul campo. Era il 2014, e i suoi vini si sono rapidamente guadagnati una reputazione nella regione. La cantina di famiglia aveva l’essenziale, ma le prime annate furono realizzate con il minimo indispensabile – con una nuova cantina costruita nel 2016 (Yves Cuilleron ha fornito consulenza al progetto). 
 Quasi un decennio dopo aver lasciato il mondo di tralicci, trasformatori e conduttori, la vita può seguire un ciclo annuale, ma resta tutt’altro che monotona. Nicolas lavora da solo e apprezza l’indipendenza che ciò comporta – gestendo il proprio tempo ed essendo il proprio capo. “C’è ancora molto da fare e ogni anno è diverso”, mi dice. Sperando che un giorno suo figlio si unisca a lui – nato nel 2009, suo zio mise da parte una riserva di vino di quell’annata, parte della quale verrà rilasciata per il suo 20º compleanno nel 2029. 
 Il cambiamento climatico è in cima ai suoi pensieri, con vendemmie ora a inizio settembre e persino agosto, rispetto a ottobre ai tempi dello zio. Se prima faticavano a raggiungere il 13% di alcol potenziale, oggi i suoi vini si attestano spesso al 14-14,5%. Ora lavora con inerbimento, defoglia meno e utilizza una piccola parte di grappolo intero negli anni più caldi per preservare la freschezza dei vini. Per il resto, poco è cambiato nel decennio da quando ha iniziato – continua a lavorare nel modo più semplice possibile, cercando di tradurre in vino le vigne tra cui è cresciuto. Ed è esattamente ciò che fa: i vini sono eleganti espressioni di Les Grandes Places, profumati e setosi, con un fine grip tannico e una salinità sapida sottostante, invecchiando magnificamente – come ha mostrato una mini verticale delle annate 2015, 2016 e 2017. I vini di Nicolas Champagneux 
 Dalle sue quattro ettari di vigne, Nicolas Champagneux produce tre vini: un IGP Vin de Pays des Collines Rhodaniennes La Rémise e due Côte-Rôtie, Les Grandes Places e La Dédicace, tutti realizzati al 100% con Syrah. 
 La Dédicace proviene dalle viti più giovani di Les Grandes Places, con una “modesta” età media di 40-60 anni. Circa 6.000-7.000 bottiglie vengono prodotte di questo “baby” Grandes Places. 
 Les Grandes Places proviene invece dalle viti più antiche, con una media di poco superiore ai 100 anni, alcune piantate nel 1910. Solo circa 1.500 bottiglie vengono prodotte di questo vino ogni annata. 
 Entrambi i Côte-Rôtie sono vinificati esattamente nello stesso modo, per lo più diraspati con una piccola parte di grappolo intero aggiunta nelle annate più calde e fermentati con lieviti indigeni, raggiungendo un massimo di 28-30°C e restando sulle bucce per circa tre settimane. Il vino trascorre poi 20-24 mesi in vecchie botti prima dell’imbottigliamento. Nicolas Champagneux Côte-Rôtie Les Grandes Places: una degustazione verticale 
 2022 Côte-Rôtie Les Grandes Places: Pieno di intensità speziata – chiodi di garofano e cardamomo insieme a un tocco di pepe di Szechuan. Il palato offre una succosità lussureggiante, stratificata con frutta scura concentrata di ciliegia e un accenno di tapenade nera, con tannini avvolgenti e il tutto rinfrescato da una linea di vivace acidità. Un neonato ora, da avvicinare dal 2030. 
 2021 Côte-Rôtie Les Grandes Places: Un 2021 davvero notevole, equilibrato e potente, il Les Grandes Places di Champagneux ha bisogno di aria ma rivela gradualmente spezie di pepe e delicati fiori di violetta. C’è però potenza e corpo al palato – più di quanto ci si aspetterebbe dal naso elegante, con una fermezza sapida, tannini flessibili ma strutturati e acidità succosa. È scuro e meditativo, gotico nei suoi toni floreali struggenti, con un lungo finale salino e appetitoso. Da approcciare dal 2027. 
 2017 Côte-Rôtie Les Grandes Places: Il 2017 Les Grandes Places combina delicati aromi floreali con una nota ferrosa e sanguigna al naso, che introduce un palato stratificato di frutti di rovo. I tannini sono rotondi, morbidi e setosi, con un’acidità vivace che attraversa la frutta concentrata, mentre il lungo finale è profumato di pepe bianco e violette. 
 2016 Côte-Rôtie Les Grandes Places: Questo 2016 è in uno stato splendido. Incenso intenso si fonde con frutta dolce di ciliegia e un tocco di fumo al naso, conducendo a un palato in cui ci si immerge – il vino è morbido e flessuoso, con onde di frutta dolce, ma il tutto tagliato da un bordo salino e sapido. Fresco e perfettamente equilibrato, da decantare e godere ora e per il prossimo decennio. 
 2015 Côte-Rôtie Les Grandes Places: Il più austero della trilogia 2015, 2016 e 2017, questa è un’annata potente e impressionante di Les Grandes Places – con tutte le migliori caratteristiche dell’anno. Il vino è scuro e profondo, compatto e ancora sorprendentemente primario, con profumi di ciliegia nera e mora. Al palato mostra però una purezza e un’intensità straordinarie, con una qualità cristallina della frutta, abbondante acidità a bilanciare la concentrazione e tannini fermi. Note affumicate e saline persistono in bocca, con un accenno di petali floreali nel finale. Da decantare se aperto ora, ma sarà ancora migliore se saprete aspettare qualche anno. 
 Esplora tutte le attuali etichette di Nicolas Champagneux, incluse varie annate precedenti, o leggi di più sul Rodano.

Sono passati quasi dieci anni da quando Nicolas Champagneux ha preso in mano le vigne di famiglia e ha iniziato a produrre vino con il suo nome, diventando la prima generazione a farlo. Abbiamo incontrato il vignaiolo per scoprire di più sulla sua storia e sul percorso intrapreso finora.

How the talented young vigneron in Cote-Rotie has taken his family’s legacy and created a new domaine that is one of the Rhone’s most exciting 

Nicolas Champagneux – building on his birthright 

Nicolas Champagneux: costruire sul suo diritto di nascita

2001 Chambolle-Musigny, Premier Cru, Les Amoureuses, Domaine Jacques-Frédéric Mugnier (and lashings of Beaujolais) – chosen by Daniel Johnnes, Wine Director of The Dinex Group and Founder of La Paulée, La Fête du Champagne, La Tablée and Pressoir  “This holiday I plan on opening several bottles of great wine. Great doesn't necessarily mean expensive or rare. I'll be sure to drink plenty of Beaujolais and mostly from my favorite producers, Morgon from Marcel Lapierre, Fleurie from Jean-Louis Dutraive and Chiroubles from Domaine Thillardon. As much as they are "drink everyday" wines, they also have the magic power of putting a smile on everyone's face.  “Yet, for that really special wine, I plan on opening a bottle of Chambolle-Musigny Premier Cru Les Amoureuses 2001 from Domaine Jacques-Frédéric Mugnier. Chambolle-Musigny is among my favorite villages in Burgundy and the Amoureuses vineyard could easily make a case to be classified as Grand Cru. It combines the perfume, texture, elegance and persistence typical of the very best red Burgundy. The style of Domaine Mugnier is one of refinement and grace. And with 20-plus years’ age, it should be perfect for drinking now. Even though it will accompany a roast chicken, this wine is like a celebration and a meal in and of itself.”  2018 Klein Constantia Vin de Constance – chosen by Jeffrey Koren, Head of Wine at Marceline, London  “While it’s easy to open a perfunctory bottle of Port or Sauternes at the end of a Christmas meal, the oh-so-delicious Vin de Constance by Klein Constantia has become my go-to sweet wine for the festive period over the past few years. Steeped in history, Vin de Constance was famously a favourite of Napoleon and lauded by authors like Jane Austen and Baudelaire. These days, winemaker Matt Day has revived this legendary dessert wine to its former acclaim. It always offers wonderful notes of apricot, honey and spice. But most importantly, it’s balanced by refreshing acidity that is an absolute necessity after an indulgent holiday meal.”  Hauller Frères Pinot Gris La Chappelle Signature – chosen by Joséphine Duffau-Lagarrosse, Ch. Beauséjour   “Ludovic Hauller is a long-standing friend I met during my studies in Burgundy. I appreciate the precision that his family channels into the wines, and this cuvée showcases great finesse, with freshness and elegance, mirroring the granite terroir in which the vines grow. It’s a Pinot Gris of remarkable complexity, hailing from a plot that sits below the Chapelle Saint-Sébastien de Dambach-la-Ville. Ludovic introduced me to Alsatian wines, which I knew little of previously, and I love this cuvée. As for when, this is definitely the kind of bottle I would open in the days following Christmas, with my family, playing board games by the fire and putting the world to rights, patiently waiting for the New Year!”  2002 Champagne Salon, Giuseppe Mascarello’s 2017 Barolo Villero, Tiberio’s 2018 Colle Vota – chosen by Lorenza Sebasti, Castello di Ama  “As usual, this Christmas we will open a magnum of 2002 Champagne Salon. I remember we had the chance to buy a few magnums a long time ago as they were precisely the birth years of our children (1997, 1999 and 2002). Then I guess I will spoil everyone at home with a beautiful Barolo Giuseppe Mascarello Villero 2017 and Colle Vota Montepulciano d’Abruzzo 2018 from my dear friend Cristiana Tiberio. She makes very few bottles of this very elegant and vibrant wine, which is among my favourite reds.”  2021 La Morandina Moscato d’Asti – chosen by Donald Edwards, Head Sommelier at La Trompette, London  “Beyond the best white Burgundy I can lay my grubby mits on, I’ll be cracking the second bottle on a case of La Morandina’s 2021 Moscato d’Asti – part of a new festive tradition. Back when my wine appreciation was still protean, I heard a rumour that Moscato d’Asti – the sweet fizzy floral stuff that we sold in my Glasgow Oddbins – ages magnificently. Twenty or so years later, I’m the Head Sommelier at La Trompette, hosting a big Piedmont-themed wine lunch. Barolos and Barbarescos aplenty litter the room, but the wine that stops me in my tracks? A 2013 Moscato d’Asti from Giuseppe Vajra. It was phenomenal, still gleefully tasty, but now with a touch of extra weight, more waxy lime skin and late-evening summer flowers, heady in its bouquet. Here she was, my white whale, and, boy, she didn’t disappoint.  “Last December, visiting La Morandina in Asti, I asked whether they had anything with a bit of age and lo! a 15-year-old magnum appeared. My stars had aligned for a second time – the wine equally lovely, offering a bit more exotic spice, cardamom and coriander seed along with the sweet creamy lime zest. Crucially, this time I could see the germ of a plan. Each year, I would buy a cast of Moscato d’Asti, building a reserve of Moscato to steadily enjoy over the coming years. I’ll be the Christmas king of deliciously sweet floral fizz. So, on the morning of 25th, I’ll be twisting the top off the second bottle from last year’s case and smugly enjoying my Moscato and crumpet as I let my mind wander over the riches I’m preparing for the coming years.”  François Cotat Sancerre Le Mont Damné and Massican Gemina – chosen by Alex Sarovich, Founder and CEO of Own Rooted Hospitality  "As the oldest of five in a large Italian family, I've learned that selecting the perfect wine is an art form that requires careful consideration of both the food and the audience. When I'm hanging out with my twin 24-year-old brothers, they're all about vibrant, crisp wines like Champagne or Sancerre. If I can get my hands on it, I love surprising them with a bottle of Cotat’s Le Mont Damné, a truly exceptional wine that never fails to impress.  “In contrast, when I'm with my mom and aunt, we lean into our Italian roots. White wines from Italy are a staple in our household, especially when we're in the kitchen, cooking and preparing a meal together. This year, I'm planning to bring a bottle of Massican Gemina to our holiday gathering in McMinnville. This beautiful white blend, composed of Greco, Falanghina, and Fiano grapes from top California vineyards, perfectly captures the essence of our family's wine appreciation – a nod to our Italian heritage with a California twist.”  Coche-Dury Meursault, Domaine de Trévallon and Jean-Michel Gérin Côte-Rôtie La Landonne – chosen by Philippe Abadie of Alvina Pernot  “First of all, we decided to open a bottle of 2022 Meursault from Domaine Coche-Dury, given to us by a client to celebrate the birth of our son Pâris, who was born on January 1st 2022. We also really like the new style introduced by Raphaël since he took over this magnificent estate. Then Trévallon: my grandfather Georges from the south of France was an unconditional fan of the estate, and during my childhood there was always a bottle on festive tables (for birthdays, Christmas, New Year, etc) – so this will be a little wink to him. Then last, a bottle of Côte-Rôtie La Landonne by Jean-Michel Gérin. The story goes back to a few weeks after I first met Alvina, for this is the bottle of red we drank on our first restaurant date.”  2022 Domaine Yui A Rouge – chosen by Carlito Chiu, Wine Director at Andō, Hong Kong  “Established in 2019 by the dynamic husband-and-wife duo Tetsuya and Aya Sugiyama, Domaine Yui is a Japanese winery with a profound mission of unity and togetherness. Inspired by the meaning of the Japanese word “yui”, “to connect/link”, the Sugiyamas are dedicated to bringing people together through their shared love for wine and agriculture. Their A Rouge is a remarkable expression of Burgundy-style red wine crafted in Hokkaido, Japan – a specific blend of Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Gris that showcases the region’s terroir. It is particularly special to me because it embodies the innovative spirit of Japanese winemaking, while honouring traditional techniques. For me, this wine represents the potential of Japanese terroir and the dedication of winemakers committed to producing world-class wines, making it a wonderful choice for celebrating the joy and warmth of the Christmas season.”  Read more Editorial

As friends and family gather together over Christmas, it’s the perfect time to pull the cork on something special. Here, some of the wine world’s biggest names – with leading sommeliers and top winemakers – to tell us what they’re cracking open this year, and why

Insight on what the wine world’s most famous names – sommeliers and star winemakers – are drinking over Christmas, from Salon Champagne to Vin de Constance 

What the wine world is drinking this Christmas

What those in the industry are drinking this Christmas

Noel Verset is a true wine legend of Cornas. In fact, the fine wine region might not even have existed today were it not for his resilience and that of his compatriots Auguste Clape and Rene Balthazar.  Today, Cornas is widely recognised as one of the world's greatest sites for Syrah production and although the history of winemaking in this village dates back over a thousand years, just 50 years ago it was largely a forgotten backwater of the Rhone Valley. Even up until the 1990s Cornas' top producers did not share the gravitas of the more established nearby villages of Côte-Rôtie and Hermitage. But it is now common for Noel Verset’s wines to out-price top  Côte-Rôtie and Hermitage due to its rarity and historical importance. Like much of Europe’s viticultural regions, Cornas was left devastated by the Phylloxera outbreak in the late 1800s. The onset of World War I, The Great Depression and World War II only further damaged the region. Production levels were in continual decline and many vineyards were left abandoned. Despite its dwindling production, however, Cornas was awarded its appellation status in 1938. Noel Verset and his vigneron father witnessed much of this downfall. Born in Cornas (in 1919)  Verset was working with his father in the vineyards by the age of 12. Despite the region being on its knees at this time, Noel and his father continued to manage vines on the steepest, most difficult and low-yielding granite sites, which they knew produced the finest wines in the region.  In 1943, after marrying his wife Aline Balthazar (sister of Rene Balthazar, another godfather of Cornas), Noel stopped working with his father and set up his own business. Five years later, Noel Verset purchased Domaine del Sabarotte, a 1.3-hectare vineyard,  from Cornas négociant Delaygue. Verset continued to secure arguably the finest plots in the Cornas appellation, including the lieu-dits of Chaillots, Champelrose and Reynard which are all very steep granite sites. The industrialisation boom in the 1950s further depopulated the region making it a largely forgotten site for wine production. According to John Livingstone Learmonth’s book on Northern Rhone, Cornas remained in a time warp right through the 1970s. From 1968 to 1976 Verset, now in his mid-fifties, was forced to take on a second job in the town of Valence,
unpacking parcels from railway wagons, working evening shifts whilst managing his vineyards during the day.   However, the northern Rhône's star was starting to rise, as wine collectors from around the world started to look beyond Bordeaux and Burgundy. Neighbouring Hermitage and Côte Rôtie were starting to enjoy fame and although Cornas was playing catch up, quality improvements were taking place as growers started to bottle their own wine.  It was slow progress. Auguste Clape was the first to bottle his Cornas in 1955 and by the 1980s only 20 of the 60 growers, including Verset, had followed suit. However, the greatness of these low-yielding, estate-bottled expressions needed time to show its potential. Verset and Clape's benchmark style for Cornas was fiercely traditional, rugged Syrah, built for bottle maturation.   Cornas was brought back from the brink by the tireless efforts of Noel Verset, Auguste Clape and Rene Balthazar. Between the 1970s and 2005, the appellation had doubled in size to more than 100 hectares and there was growing demand for its vertiginous sites. In 2001, and nearing retirement at 82 years of age, the sale of his original Sabarotte vineyard to Auguste Clape and Laurent Courbis yielded four times more than it had been valued at just six years earlier. Finally, the vineyards of Cornas and Verset's wines had gained the recognition they deserved.  
In 2015, Verset passed away, aged 95, but his legend lives on in his wines, which often fetch prices exceeding the very best Côte Rôtie and Hermitage bottlings.  A number of the most prized 21st-century Cornas wines hail from the plots Verset nursed over eight decades. Thierry Allemand bought his Reynard vineyard and would go on to become the darling of the new generation of Cornas while his nephew Franck Balthazar took over the Chaillots vineyard in 2006 and has become a highly respected Cornas producer in his own right. The current custodians of these have inherited the Cornas earth and they have Verset to thank for it. Noel Verset also used to sell two barrels of wine to respected négociant Tardieu Laurent who were producing their top Cornas Vieilles Vignes cuvee made from Verset’s wine blended with another Cornas legend Robert Michel’s wine. On discovering the connection we couldn’t believe our luck when we were able to source the cuvee from the widely respected 1999 vintage retailing at under £40 a bottle. If you can even find a Verset bottle from this period it is retailing at well over £400 a bottle. Of course, it is not the same thing, but the interwoven web of wine production can sometimes lead you to some pretty magical discoveries. Whilst the odd case of Noel Verset’s Cornas comes up on the market every now and then, you might have more luck sourcing the Tardieu Laurent Cornas Vieilles Vignes which he contributed to, up until the 2006 vintage.  Explore more Editorial 

Noel Verset is one of the world’s great wine legends. During his 75-year winemaking career, the vigneron was instrumental in putting Cornas back on the fine wine map. We explore the legend's impact

Exploring winemaking legend Noel Verset's impact during his 75-year career which has included putting Cornas on the fine wine map.

A legend of Cornas winemaking

Noel Verset: A legend of Cornas

Old, low-yielding vines. I’ve written that phrase more times than I’d like to confess. But how much does it really mean when it comes to the quality of the wine in your glass? The 2023 vintage in Burgundy (read our full vintage report here) produced generous yields. In farming terms, that’s a good thing: a plentiful crop that restocks the cellars (and coffers). But the sheer volume of fruit (“a wall of grapes”, as Bouchard’s winemaker Frédéric Weber told us) posed its own challenge – and much of our time in the region’s cellars this year was spent diving into how they managed, or controlled, the yield. It seemed fitting, therefore, to address the topic in greater detail.  In the Old World, appellation rules will limit yields, with the yield generally decreasing as you move up the appellation system (see below a table detailing the maximum yields for Burgundy, for example). Of course, this indicates a relationship between yield and quality, implying less is better – and there is no doubt that excessive yields don’t produce fine wine. But how low is too low? There is a fashion for prizing vines that barely manage to ripen a bunch or two, but do they really make better wine than those producing a decent crop? Beyond our obsession with rarity, what are the consequences of less fruit per vine – and therefore, what does more entail? A note on measuring yield Before we get into the weeds of the matter, let’s address how we talk about yield. In the Old World, the most common measurement of yield is hectolitres per hectare (hl/ha), measuring the volume of juice or wine per hectare of vineyard area. In Champagne the standard measure is kilos per hectare and in Italy you may see reference to quintales per hectare (qt/ha or q/ha, with one quintal translating to 100kg), while in the US, producers are more likely to use tons per acre. We’ll dive further into the many variables here, but it’s worth highlighting that vine density isn’t taken into account by any of these measurements. Although a higher number of vines per hectare will generally mean a higher yield across the vineyard, the increased competition will also likely reduce the yield per vine. For this article, we have spoken to producers from a range of regions, but do note that yields are not comparable between varieties or region. Climate – with heat, sunlight and water availability, as well as the varying size of berries and clusters of any given variety, mean that there is no number that can be deemed a global average when it comes to yield. (Do look at this table compiled by the Wine Advocate’s William Kelley, comparing vine density, cluster weight and juice yields for various classic fine wine regions, to give you an idea of the differences between regions.) Given this, “high” and “low” yields aren’t equated to specific numbers here, but the concept discussed more broadly – and arguably more relevantly for those of us drinking wine rather than making it. Bearing all of this in mind, extremely approximate conversions can be made as follows: one tonne per hectare is approximately 7hl/ha, while one ton per acre is around 17.5hl/ha (Oxford Companion to Wine). Yields: how low is too low? “It’s not extreme mythology: low yields produce better quality,” Cerbaiona’s Matthew Fioretti tells me; for him, high yields risk dilution and sanitary problems – and at excessive levels, that is certainly true. But, as Myriad’s Mike Smith told me, the relationship is “not linear”. Mike Dunn (Dunn Vineyards) generally has low yields, but that’s not necessarily about concentration, he explains: it’s simply about how much they can ripen before winter hits. Up on Napa’s Howell Mountain, their poor soils and farming (avoiding irrigation and fertilisation where they can) naturally produce lower yields. He recently changed some of their Cabernet Sauvignon to cane (rather than cordon) pruning and, although they’re getting more fruit off the same vines, there’s been no loss in quality. “It’s all relative,” says Ivan Massonnat at Belargus in Anjou. He points to Saumur with its limestone soils, where producers can crop 45-50hl/ha without a problem, but on the schist soils that lie beneath his vineyards: “Forget about doing much more than 30-35hl/ha,” he says. And even that has proven challenging for him. In the seven vintages he’s produced at the estate, only two have come close to 30hl/ha, with the average around 15hl/ha, simply due to the challenges of each vintage. He’d have loved to crop more – but nature had other ideas, and vignerons have to adapt to the vintage. Massonnat explains how if you farm to produce yields that are overly low, you can end up with fruit that has high technical, or sugar, maturity, but isn’t yet phenolically ripe – leading to unbalanced wines. Smith echoes this, talking specifically about Beckstoffer Dr Crane, one of Napa’s legendary vineyards, which he finds likes to produce more – around five tons an acre (versus four in most of the vineyards he works with). He sees producers cropping to just three tons per acre there, and in warm vintages the fruit ripens too quickly for the phenolics to catch up. Philippe Bascaules – who was first appointed Estate Director at Ch. Margaux in 1990 – offers an interesting perspective, arguing that there’s no direct relationship between yield and quality. In Bordeaux in the 1970s, he tells me, yields were consistently low – 25-30hl/ha, with wines that were inconsistent. As the wines became more popular, with demand from the US in particular for the 1982 vintage, producers started aiming for significantly higher yields and chaptalizing much more. Soon, average yields had doubled to 50-60hl/ha – a level that was unsustainable, especially in challenging vintages such as 1992, ’93 and ’94. Gradually they implemented changes, introducing green-harvesting (in 1986 at Ch. Margaux) and reducing fertilisation levels in the 1990s. Today, he and his team aim for around 45hl/ha, “a good production” in his mind – but a level which also offers insurance against inclement conditions. Lowering yields is something that, for him, has brought greater consistency to both the estate and region across vintages – ensuring they can ripen the crop each year. Deliberately reducing the yield beyond this, however, wouldn’t offer any serious benefit, he says. Similarly, across the Durantou family’s estates on the Right Bank, including Ch. l’Eglise-Clinet, Noëmie Durantou Reilhac targets a yield of circa 42hl/ha. “The vine wants to produce fruit,” she says, “so if the yield is really, really low, something went wrong.” For her, it’s the balance that matters most. With very high yields, the resulting wines will lack concentration (“You cannot make in tanks what nature hasn’t done before,” she says), but equally if the berries are so small that there is barely any juice, you’ll have little but tannins left to work with. And, while hail or frost will reduce your yield, they won’t result in greater concentration. “I think it just comes down to stress,” Dunn tells me. And that’s a common thread for several producers, arguing that vines need to struggle to produce quality. As Sébastien le Golvet – of Champagne Henri Giraud, who works with the poor soils of Aÿ – says, “genii are born of suffering”. Suffering doesn’t always mean lower yields, however: arguably, Dunn says, in high-vigour sites, keeping higher yields will help increase stress, pushing the vine to work harder – and therefore produce higher quality. Elements impacting yield While it’s impossible for us to address every factor that influences yield, it’s worth – relatively briefly – highlighting a few additional influences beyond site (with poorer or richer soils), variety and vintage: Trellising: Trellising – the shape in which a vine is trained – can be used to control yield. At Cerbaiona, Fioretti emphasises how using alberello or bush vines is key to helping contain Sangiovese’s natural vigour. At Tiberio, Cristiana Tiberio’s oldest vines are pergola-trained, with a traditional Abruzzese system that encourages competition but also increases the canopy to aid photosynthesis and ripening. Vine material/rootstock: The material used in a vineyard is integral (as with Quinta do Noval’s Nacional vineyard, see below). Mike Dunn, for example, mentioned how one of his older vineyards was planted on St George rootstock, known for shatter and therefore limiting yields even further. Jean-Marie Fourrier (Domaine Fourrier) argues that the use of selected clones, rather than massal selection, has resulted in higher yields and the need to green harvest, something that he never does – aided further by the age of his vines (see below for more on this). Vine age: There’s no doubt that the element of vine age is conflated with yields and quality, with older vines often producing better fruit – but less of it. As Mike Dunn told me, the wines from his oldest vines are “more intriguing”, but at some point economics comes into play, and the level of production is financially unsustainable. It’s another non-linear relationship, however, as Durantou Reilhac explains: “Some 70-year-old grandmas can run and dance, and others are weaker.” Although most old vines will produce less fruit, she finds it’s far from uniform in her vineyards – and sometimes there will be young vines that produce less. Virus and millerandage: Virused vines will produce lower yields, and as with old vines, will reach a point where they are unsustainable. While on the surface virus is negative, certain producers do value the reduction in yield or slower ripening that is a result of disease – South Africa’s Hamilton Russell being one (with leafroll virus). Quinta do Noval persists with its own-rooted Nacional vineyard, suffering from phylloxera, with the vines slowly dying and yielding tiny volumes, to produce a particularly special and rare Vintage Port. Similarly, millerandage is a condition most commonly a consequence of poor weather at fruit-set, producing grape clusters with unevenly sized grapes, combining larger and smaller (or shot) berries – sometimes referenced as hen-and-chick. While this reduces yield, the phenomenon is sometimes valued for giving increased concentration to wine. Indeed, some particular clones – such as the Mendoza, Wente or Gingin clones of Chardonnay – are valued for their bunches with hen-and-chicks, and Bret Brothers, for example, even makes a special Cuvée Millerandée – with millerandée Chardonnay – from Les Quarts (a Pouilly-Vinzelles site recently awarded Premier Cru status). Cover crops: At Henri Giraud, Sébastien le Golvet feels that cover crops are essential to the quality of their fruit – and the yield. Sewn just before harvest, the cover crops provide competition up until flowering when they roll the grass mix, creating a bed that holds water and offers nitrogen to the soils, acting as a natural fertiliser – in a way both moderating then fuelling the vines’ growth. This is one hint at the extent to which the type of soils and level of organic matter, not to mention water availability, dictated by site and the farming methods, are all key. The previous vintage: There are two theories at play here. Firstly, conditions during what is known as the initiation phase of the vine cycle, which takes place alongside flowering, will dictate the yield of the following vintage. In 2023 in Burgundy for example, one of the factors in yield was that the spring of 2022 offered perfect conditions, laying the groundwork for 2023’s plentiful crop. As Sébastien le Golvet also explained, however, a large crop in one vintage can tire the vines, meaning they have less to give the following year. How wine producers manage yield The vine naturally wants to reproduce, to grow, ripen fruit and spread its seeds. Vignerons are tasked with taming the plant to focus its energies to develop fruit of concentration and complexity that will make fine wine. This is done in many ways, some of which include: Pruning: The first stage to set up the yield in an existing vineyard is pruning, leaving the appropriate number of buds per vine for the season ahead. The timing of this varies according to the producer, from December through to March, with later pruning helping delay the vine cycle, which is sometimes desirable. Alvina Pernot, for example, specifically pruned her vines shortly (ie to offer a lower crop) in 2023 to help the vines recover from the relatively high-yielding 2022 vintage. Lalou Bize-Leroy famously works with very low yields, and emphasises how important pruning is in this (Domaine Leroy harvested just under 30hl/ha in 2023, its highest ever yield – a number which would still be low by many producers’ standards). De-budding or suckering: In spring, producers will de-bud or sucker the vines, removing lateral shoots and providing further control of the potential yield, as well as the spacing and position of the crop. In 2023 in Burgundy, many producers emphasised how important this was. Hugues Pavelot described it as “drastic”, while Philippe Jouan passed through his vines twice. At Bouchard, Frédéric Weber explained how some of the buds produced two or three bunches in 2023 (rather than the normal one), meaning that even with extensive de-budding yields were very high. Green harvesting: Green-harvesting is the most discussed method of yield control, and one that divides producers. We spoke to several Burgundian vignerons who avoid it (Dominique Lafon, Jacques Devauges at Domaine des Lambrays, Philippe Jouan and Jean-Marie Fourrier, to name a few) – some of whom felt that they had no choice but to use the method in 2023, despite their best efforts. The reason against green-harvesting is that the vine will try to compensate, and that it can be avoided with managing the vineyard in other ways. That said, there are many top-tier producers that green-harvest, and feel it is key to the quality they produce (Ch. Margaux, Eglise-Clinet, Georges Noëllat and Olivier Bernstein, to name a few). And it’s not a decision that any take lightly, well aware that they are literally throwing away potential income. At Cerbaiona, Fioretti compares the vines to runners or cyclists – needing to carry as little weight as possible to get over the finish line. With Sangiovese, he finds it’s unavoidable, especially with the presence of “wings” or “shoulders” (smaller separate clusters that sit on the shoulder of the main bunch). The timing is key, and many producers emphasise the importance of green-harvesting early in the season. For Noëmie Durantou Reilhac, she aims to have this done prior to véraison to avoid twisting the stems (which would impact sap flow) and damaging the skins of the remaining bunches. She’ll do a final pass through her vineyards just before harvest, but this is a method of sorting rather than impacting the ripeness of the grapes on the vine. “There’s a certain point where you can reduce fruit, say a month away from picking, but it won’t do anything,” says Myriad’s Mike Smith. Like many producers, he favours green-harvesting mid-véraison to drop anything that is behind, helping even the ripeness of the crop – as Bascaules does at Ch. Margaux. In 2023, several Burgundy producers highlighted having to do multiple passes to reduce the crop – doing what was sometimes referred to as a “pink” or “blue” harvest on top of a green harvest. Canopy management: A vine’s leaves are its engine – responsible for photosynthesis. The larger the canopy, the larger the engine, therefore trimming the vine’s canopy can help lower its vigour, while keeping a larger leaf area can help encourage vigour. This needs to be considered alongside airflow (to avoid disease pressure) and shading of the bunches (which could delay ripening). If the canopy isn’t balanced with the volume of fruit, it can also negatively impact fruit composition – especially the acid make-up and development of colour and phenolics. Ivan Massonnat (Belargus) explained that in 2022 and 2023, for example, he used a high trellis, allowing a larger leaf area, to capture maximum light and photosynthesis to fuel the vines; but in 2022 he did the opposite, wanting to reduce the size of the “sugar machine”. It has, he notes, become common for large canopies to be used alongside low yields, especially by producers in Burgundy, something he feels has gone too far at certain addresses: “You can kill a wine with concentration,” he says. Some argue that trimming the canopy can encourage it to grow further, while others want to retain a large canopy to encourage root growth (Olivier Lamy feels that the vine has the same amount of growth above and below ground, therefore wanting to retain his canopy to the roots to drive deep into the soil). Lamy is one of a cohort of producers using “tressage”, or braiding, to tame the canopy – a technique pioneered by Lalou Bize-Leroy. For her the aim is to avoid cutting the apex (or growing tip) which would otherwise encourage the growth of lateral shoots. Producers such as Charles Lachaux have taken this even further, training vines to a single stake (more common on the steep slopes of Priorat, Côte-Rôtie or the Mosel) and weaving the shoots into distinctive arches.  The relationship between yield and quality is undoubtedly a tricky one – and one that every producer I spoke to feels is deeply complex. We couldn’t touch on everything here (the tiny yields for botrytised sweet wines, for example, or typically higher yields used for sparkling wine), but there’s plenty to consider. While it remains clear that excessive yields can produce dilute wines, with so many variables play, it’s also clear that less isn’t always better. Read more Editorial

Burgundy’s vignerons were blessed with quantity in 2023, but – when it comes to making fine wine – how much is too much? We spoke to a host of top producers to find out if low yields really do mean better quality

Do low yields really mean better quality when it comes to wine? We talk to Ch. Margaux, Cerbaiona, Eglise-Clinet, Belargus, Dunn, Myriad and more to find out

Understanding yield and quality in wine

Yield and quality: is less really more?

Philippe Guigal hadn’t yet met his future wife – it would be another nine years before he finally walked down the aisle but he had long known what vintage he would serve at his then-imaginary wedding. The 1999 season in the northern Rhône was as perfect as it gets and when he was picking the beautiful berries that were worthy of photographing he told his father it would the wines of the 1999 vintage would be served on his wedding day.  Baltimore-base wine critic Robert Parker seemed to agree with Philippe that Domaine E. Guigal’s 1999s were worthy of the most important day of a man’s life, handing out three perfect scores to its trio of Côte Rôtie wines, known affectionately as the La Las. It wasn’t just
one northern Rhône producer who basked in the glory of the 1999 summer: Michel Ogier’s Cuvée Belle Helène and Rene Rostaing’s Côte Blonde both nabbed their first–ever 100 Parker points and Michel Chapoutier’s Ermite l’Ermite Blanc received its first, of what would be many, 100-point scores.  While Parker was accustomed to handing out awards to the French wine fraternity, the tables were turned in 1999; he was named an officer of the Legion d’Honneur by French President Jacques Chirac “being the man who taught America about French wine”. France’s highest award, he joined an illustrious list of recipients including Queen Elizabeth II, American President Dwight D. Eisenhower and French poet Victor Hugo.  Another American Robert was making waves in Europe in the autumn of 1999. Robert Mondavi Winery bought a stake in Tenuta dell’Ornellaia, one of a handful of so-called Super Tuscan estates made famous for their law-breaking use of non-Tuscan grape varieties and
the superlative quality of the resulting wines. But it wasn’t just Antinori who was celebrating his windfall in 1999: it was a magnificent season growers across Tuscany. The winemakers of Brunello di Montalcino enjoyed a superb follow-up to the opulent 1997 vintage in an otherwise unremarkable decade for the area.  Burgundy was also bringing the century to a close with flourish: it was a record year with around 20 million more bottles than the five-year average. The late Henri Jayer, affectionately known as the "pope of winegrowers" recorded his thoughts on each vintage in notebooks and, in 1999, he said: "One has to go back to 1934 to find a similar association of quantity and quality."  If growers did not thin their crops, however, the vines struggled to ripen their loads while producers that normally ferment their wine with a portion of whole bunch had to destem to make room in their vats.  From the off the wines were succulent and seductive but they had greater staying power than many envisaged due to their rich phenolics and fine acidity. In 2018, Burgundy critic Stephen Tanzer said that the reds had just entered "their periods of peak drinkability" and this is a great time to crack the 1999 reds from the Côte d'Or. It was a truly great vintage to see out the 20th century. 
François Millet of Chambolle Musigny's Domaine Georges Comte de Vogüé shares his memories of the 1999 vintage. "The 1999 vintage was abundant. The previous vintage - 1998 - was marked by a hard frost and, as is often the case after a small crop, it is followed by a large one - like 2017 after 2016.  "The most important factor in 1999 was consequently whether you limited yields or not. We
had been very vigilant at the domaine and didn't hesitate to do a severe green harvest. The weather during the season was beautiful and we harvested on 20 September. It was not an early vintage and maturity was reached calmly.  "The wines are concentrated, complete, elegant and refined with black fruit dominating and a
beautifully spicy structure. It was quite a serious vintage in terms of its expression while also retaining a beautiful elegance; it is a quiet force that inspires respect." On Musigny "When it comes to the winemaking, there was no pigeage because I think that Musigny is a
sensitive terroir that doesn't like much intervention; you have to have a lot of empathy for the wine and to be forceful with it would risk having vegetal tannins and bitterness, which I perceive as a form of anger. By its structural nature, if you were too brutal with it, the 1999 vintage, could very quickly have become monstrous. [On the other hand] Bonnes-Mares likes and needs more intervention to best express itself and so I punch down.  For me, making wine is a message of peace and empathy, particularly for Musigny. As Claude Debussy said: 'Music is the silence between the notes'." Explore more Editorial 

In the latest installment of our Vintage Series, we explore the last year of the 20th century. Francois Millet from Domaine Georges Comte de Vogue tells us what makes the year 1999 so special.

Exploring what makes 1999 so special with Francois Millet from Domaine Georges Comte de Vogue  

The 1999 vintage in wine

A year in wine: 1999

The Rhône Valley has enjoyed a consistent string of vintages over the last decade or so. The Northern Rhône in particular has seen a prolific set of back-to-back vintages stretching to 2015. The Southern Rhône has managed to produce excellent wines during this time too, but yields have been badly affected in the last few years; thankfully, 2020 gave them a healthy crop. Producers compare 2020 to 2006, 2010, 2016 and even 1990 – all memorable, age-worthy vintages with great character. Similarly, to 2016, 2020 was an “easy” growing season throughout the valley. Good rainfall at the beginning of the year set up the vines nicely for a hot, dry summer, with no mildew or rot in the vineyards. For Ch. de Beaucastel's Marc Perrin, “It was difficult to find something wrong with the vintage.” If anything, he noted the strong winds in Châteauneuf-du-Pape, particularly in the northern part, saw high levels of evaporation, which brought greater concentration to the grapes but reduced the yields. Despite this, production levels were much higher than the challenging 2017, 2018 and 2019 vintages (with severe drought in 2019, poor flowering and huge mildew outbreaks in 2018 and frost in 2017 seeing yields badly affected in the appellation). Stéphane Usseglio noted how successful flowering was in 2020, particularly for Grenache, setting up for good yields overall. Although the summer saw hot daytime temperatures, cool nights helped retain a noticeable freshness and balance to the wines in 2020, compared to the richer, more tannic wines of 2019, noted Perrin. There was no pressure to rush the harvest with any impending disruptions to the weather, and no serious rainfall arrived until long after everything had been picked. The higher yields and clement weather meant Usseglio could afford to wait, allowing for concentration to build up and pick at optimum ripeness. In the Northern Rhône, there hasn’t really been a below-average vintage since 2014. Recent years have, however, seen a new normal when it comes to daytime temperatures and resulting alcohol levels (which regularly hit 14-14.5%). According to Chapoutier, though, the vines have adapted and, even with more sun intensity and higher temperatures, are consistently producing balanced wines with great acidity. While in numbers 2020 might compete with the heatwave of 2003, the resulting wines are very different thanks to the way the vines have adapted over the last 20 years. Nicolas Champagneux agrees and believes the acidities of his Côte-Rôtie are getting higher along with the alcohol, balancing the wine. In the Southern Rhône, 2020’s alcohol levels are very similar to previous warm years but the wines, according to Usseglio, “have a better freshness”. He thinks this is thanks to the winter water reserves, helping maintain a sufficient flow of nutrients to the vines to see them through the summer. Usseglio’s vines didn’t shut down at all – something he thinks is at least in part due to his biodynamic farming. It is this practice, he believes, that has contributed to “high mineral salt concentrations, and hence more freshness and mineral structure in the wines”. Both the whites and reds we have tried from the Northern and Southern Rhône are hard to fault. The whites from Chapoutier were exceptional. While Beaucastel’s Marc Perrin has a slight preference for the reds in the Southern Rhône, the whites we tasted were very elegant, pure, highly concentrated and beautifully balanced. The reds have fantastic richness, resolved tannins and freshness too. For Nicolas Champagneux, 2020 is “a typical sun-blessed year” for the Northern Rhône, comparing it to 2018. “This vintage offers a nice combination of fruit purity and terroir expression with rather solid structure and good acidities,” he says. He thinks the vintage will be “long-lived, while offering enjoyable wines in their relative youth” . For Perrin, the red wines’ balance, intensity and concentration remind him of 1990 and 2010. The wines are quite approachable, yet also have the potential for long ageing. For Usseglio, 2020 is a “terroir-driven vintage, offering elegant, vibrant wines”. For him 2020 has “a splendid fruit purity” and “good concentration”, but is fresher, with better aromatics than recent warm vintages. “I find the wines very enjoyable. I have to say maybe a hybrid between the silky, lush fruit of the 2016 and the mineral core of the 2010.” That’s a combination that will no doubt get any fine wine collector excited. This is a vintage not to miss. The vintage in summary Outstanding vintage Compared to some of the best vintages in the last 20 years – 2016, 2010, 2006, 1990 Balanced, concentrated and fresh reds Ideal growing season saw few issues in the vineyard Early-season rainfall kept the vines hydrated through the hot and dry summer Cool night-time temperatures extended the ripening season, retaining plenty of acidity/ freshness in the grapes Ambient weather throughout harvest allowed winemakers to pick at optimum ripeness Healthy yields saw good volume and good quality grapes in both the Northern and Southern Rhône Read more Editorial

Speaking with some of the region’s top vignerons in both the Northern and Southern Rhône about 2020, it is smiles all round. Not since the outstanding 2016s has there been such universal praise for a vintage. 

Not since the outstanding 2016s has there been such universal praise for a wine vintage in the Rhone Valley. Producers compare 2020 to 2006, 2010, 2016 & 1990

Rhône 2020 vintage report

Rhône 2020: the stars align

“The only thing more fun than drinking wine is buying wine,” says Allan Frischman, our new Vice President of Global Client Reserves, arching an eyebrow and laughing. He should know – he’s been working in the wine business since the early 1990s, with the vast majority of that spent sourcing, studying, authenticating and selling fine wine collections for a leading auction house. As of this month, he’ll be working to develop our network of reservists and their portfolios – allowing our clients to both sell and buy even more than before, giving us – and you – access to the world’s finest (and deepest) cellars. Beyond this, he’ll be finessing local pricing for each market we work in and helping manage clients’ wine storage – a job for which he is uniquely qualified. Frischman grew up in New Jersey and never planned to get into wine – but he took a part-time job at college (“to pay for beer”, he confesses) in a wine shop. The shop’s storage system was divided by country and region, with a warren-like basement that he needed to navigate, finding the right bin for new stocks. Reading about the different appellations, and using his staff discount to buy the odd bottle, got him interested – but it was a bottle of 1975 Ch. Talbot, tasted at Mary Ewing-Mulligan MW’s International Wine Center that hooked him: “At that point, I knew that this is what I wanted to do.”  The economics graduate was working at Manhattan’s Morell & Co. when, in 1994, the laws changed. For the first time since Prohibition, wine auctions were permitted to take place in New York State. “I didn’t know anything at all about auctions,” says Frischman – but it didn’t stop him jumping headfirst into something new, organising the state’s first commercial wine auction since 1920. “I didn’t know if we were going to get 10 bidders or 1,000,” he tells me. He shouldn’t have worried, for that auction was met with such enthusiasm that he walked away from the event on cloud nine, confident that he had found his calling.  In the 30 years since, he’s seen the auction business transformed. The 1994 law change created a new hub for wine’s secondary market, with New York rapidly becoming a rival for its traditional heartland in London – and the Big Apple rapidly added its own signature. Until then, auctions were staid affairs, dominated by trade buyers with little action beyond the raising of paddles in muted crowds – in Frischman’s words, “something dreary that dragged on for 10 hours”.  But Zachys – one of the auction houses that popped up in New York – added American flair, a touch of Broadway jazz hands to turn auctions into events, gathering bidders at round tables with great food and wine. Traditionalists said it wouldn’t work – but they were wrong. No longer were auctions purely a way to buy wine, they became fun – they became a place for wine lovers to gather, eat, drink and be seen. Higher attendance meant more bids, higher hammer prices – and more consignments that in turn brought more business, and a shift from trade to individuals.  The late 2000s brought challenges. “The Dow Jones was tumbling and it looked like the world was about to collapse,” Frischman tells me, looking back at the worldwide recession. “It was terrifying and of course people stopped buying wine.” But as Frischman rapidly learnt, people were waiting for the bottom of the market – and then they started buying again. At the same time, Hong Kong abolished import duty on wine (initially halved in 2007 and removed entirely in 2008) – and, like New York in 1994, instantly became a new centre for the wine trade. “The Asian market evolved almost over days,” remarks Frischman. “It became extremely sophisticated very quickly.” American auction houses started opening offices in Hong Kong. “For a few years, Hong Kong was just chewing up all the wine and the big hammer prices were all [there].”  The most recent shift in the world of auctioneering has been the advent of real-time, online bidding – one forced by the Covid-19 pandemic. “There was a perception that it would discourage people to show up in the sale room and would also discourage people from leaving bids in advance,” Frischman says, explaining why the industry was perhaps a little slow to embrace the online sphere. Interestingly, however, he anticipates that before online bidding was introduced, maybe only 10% of lots went to bidders physically in the room. With consumers stranded at home, and the technology already up to scratch, online auctions rocketed – and opened the market to an even broader range of consumers, with bidding wars between wine lovers in Brazil, Singapore, London, New York, Hong Kong and beyond now the norm.  As auction houses realised that online auctions worked, the need for events and associated spend dropped – and the auction style established by Zachys in the 1990s has become significantly less common. You might argue that this also heralds the end of the auctioneer – but even online companies have retained the compère, the familiar patter still something that bidders want.   It isn’t just where and how wine was selling, but which wines were selling that has evolved. In the mid-1990s and early 2000s, Frischman notes how the US market centred on Napa’s cult Cabernets, along with wines from the likes Williams Selyem, Ravenswood and, of course, Bordeaux’s top names. “[There was] across the board demand for Bordeaux,” Frischman tells me, “but you couldn’t give Burgundy away.” Of course, that’s all changed now – and Burgundy, despite its extremely limited supply, has become the darling of the fine wine scene. As prices have soared for the Côte d’Or’s top wines, wine lovers have started looking elsewhere, to Italy (Barolo, Barbaresco and some Brunello), Madeira (especially older vintages) and the Northern Rhône (Côte-Rôtie, Cornas and Saint-Joseph) – but none have the liquidity of Bordeaux. “They [the Bordelais] don’t get enough credit for the sheer, mind-boggling amount of great wine they’re able to put out every year,” says Frischman.  Over the years, Frischman has become an expert authenticator – the sort of knowledge that can only be gained by handling immense volumes of fine wine, working closely with producers and getting up close and personal with the rarest bottles. In 2006, he went to check over some wines that had been sent to the auction house he then worked for by a young Asian collector. The consignment was significant, worth millions of dollars – but even from across the room, Frischman knew that the wines didn’t look right. Closer inspection only confirmed that the wines looked like fakes – and the auction house turned them away, sending them back to the collector, then a new name on the scene, Rudy Kurniawan. A couple of years later, he got a call from the FBI’s Jim Wynn, asking if he would be an expert witness in a wine fraud case against Kurniawan, who had – by that point – become prolific. “I inspected, I don’t know, 40 bankers boxes of stuff that they’d gotten from his home, stamps for corks, fake labels, fake import strips – all kinds of stuff,” he says. In a warehouse in Queens, he studied the evidence – “going through bottle after bottle after bottle and writing a report about why I thought that they were fake”. It was – and still is – the biggest wine forgery case to have ever taken place, and Frischman, along with fellow authentication expert Michael Egan, was essential to proving Kurniawan’s guilt.  Wine authentication has become an essential component of wine collecting, and a key reason to work with trusted merchants. There are people who suggest that as much as 10% of wine on the secondary market is fake, but – in Frischman’s view, having handled fine wine for over 30 years – “That’s a substantial overestimate.” Despite such claims, forgery has only become more sophisticated, and it’s important, he says, to work with someone who knows what they’re looking at. “You want someone who is experienced to look at the bottle and who is empowered to say, ‘I don’t like it – we’re not offering it.’” There’s a big difference, he explains, between being convinced something is fake, and being convinced something is real – and you always want the person checking wines you’re buying to be in the latter camp.  The wine business is a people business – and he’s been lucky to spend three decades getting to know the world’s foremost collectors, spending time rustling through cellars, lugging his fair share of cases in and out of vans, and cradling bottles of elusive vintages and cuvées. Beyond this privilege, he’s often found himself on the receiving end of collectors’ generosity – recognising a fellow enthusiast’s passion. When I ask him if there’s a bottle that stands out, beyond the 1975 Talbot that was his hook into the industry, his eyes mist over. It was, he tells me, on a trip to Tokyo, at a remarkable dinner that included some incredible wines, including the fabled 1947 Cheval Blanc. But it was a bottle of 1978 La Romanée-Conti from Domaine de la Romanée-Conti that stole the show: it was “breathtaking, magical”, he says. “I was practically brought to tears.” Until that moment, he’d never necessarily understood why collectors kept this prized cuvée, and didn’t sell it to fund their La Tâche or Romanée-Saint-Vivant – but this bottle made him realise just why people don’t. “This wine was perfect,” he says.  It’s easy, perhaps, to imagine the auctioneering world is over-run with wine investors, but that’s far from what Frischman has found. “The vast majority, regardless of what they say they’re doing, are buying to drink,” he says. On paper, that may not make sense – after all, who needs 30,000 bottles of wine? But that, as Frischman and any wine obsessive knows, is the collector’s mentality – and, deciding to sell, despite owning more wine than could possibly be consumed in a lifetime, is much harder than buying another case or 10.  When Frischman first started auctioning wine, he recalls talking to his father, who wondered if there was enough fine wine to sustain a career. The beauty, Frischman, now knows, is that there’s a new vintage every year – beyond that, and as he’s seen over the past 30 years, the wine world is constantly shifting, with an ever-expanding range of regions and producers. And he’s evolving with the industry, making a move of his own and bringing his expertise to FINE+RARE. We can’t wait to see what he’ll do. Whether you’re looking to buy, sell or anything else, contact Allan Frischman directly at allan.frischman@frw.co.uk

After two decades at one of the world’s leading auction houses, Allan Frischman has joined our team, as Vice President of Global Client Reserves. We caught up with him to dive into the world of auctioneering, his 30 years in the business and his new role

After two decades at one of the USA’s leading auction houses, auctioneer and wine authentication expert Allan Frischman has joined our team

Introducing Allan Frischman

Hammer time: Allan Frischman

Rotie Cellars

United States

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