The beauty of Bordeaux wines is that each vintage follows the next, yet no two are ever alike. Reading back over my notes on the 2025 vintage, one thing becomes clear: one could almost write the exact opposite of 2024. In 2024, excessive rainfall during ripening forced some châteaux to delay their harvests with great care. In 2025, the situation was reversed: in the vineyards, one could almost imagine rain dances, pleading with Mother Nature to water the parched soils. Drought defines the vintage. Opposite in their development, the two vintages nevertheless converge on one point: volume. 2025 stands as the smallest vintage since 1991 – a statement that already applied to 2024. In Bordeaux, a pressing question now arises: can great, even very great vintages – as 2025 appears to be – still coexist with generous yields, as in 2016? Let us remain optimistic. 2025 is a beautiful vintage, which comes as a relief for the entire industry. Yet a deeper question lingers: does “normal” still exist in viticulture in an era of climate disruption? What was the biggest challenge for winegrowers in 2025? Eric Boissenot: Overall, the year was fairly easy from a vineyard perspective: no major disease pressure, low mildew risk, and the vines coped well with the drought—likely even better than in 2022. Thomas Duclos: Most likely, the biggest challenge was staying calm and level-headed towards the end of the growing cycle, which saw a heatwave around mid-August followed by rainfall in early September. Julien Viaud: With hindsight, this vintage was much easier than others. Spring and summer conditions were generally favourable. The greater challenge came in the cellar, where it was essential to manage the richness of the material. The fruit was abundant and concentrated, and the winemaker’s role was to be precise, measured, and restrained in order to express the very best the grapes had to offer. Could you share a few thoughts on the 2025 yields? Eric Boissenot: Yields were low, even very low. This was due, on the one hand, to limited floral initiation (resulting in fewer bunches), and on the other hand to small berry size at harvest (across all grape varieties), caused by the low rainfall throughout the vintage. Thomas Duclos: The 2025 vintage was affected by a low number of bunches—a direct consequence of the 2024 conditions (poor floral induction) combined with a dry growing season. The result is therefore low yields. Julien Viaud: Yields in 2025 were not high, mainly for physiological reasons. The issue is that both the size and number of bunches—determined the previous year within the buds—were limited from the outset. The potential was therefore already constrained. How would you describe the style of the 2025 vintage? Eric Boissenot: First of all, it is a very early vintage, shaped by a warm and dry climate. It then benefited from rainfall in late August and early September, which helped the vines manage water stress. As a result, alcohol levels remain moderate (around 13–13.5% vol) for a warm year. While it shows a warm and very ripe character, it also retains a classic, distinctly Bordeaux style that is both balanced and highly drinkable. Thomas Duclos: 2025 is a Bordeaux vintage shaped by climate change. Julien Viaud: It is a sunny vintage, but not “solar” in the sense that it allowed for ripe grapes full of fruit expression, without excessive sugar (and therefore alcohol), and without a loss of acidity (and thus freshness). It is an approachable, generous, and charming vintage, with wines bursting with aromas and delivering real pleasure. If you had to sum up 2025 in one word or a short phrase, what would you choose? Eric Boissenot: High density Thomas Duclos: Futuristic Julien Viaud: Intense and fast-paced Conclusions Reds: Well-balanced wines, showing fine concentration and the freshness so characteristic of Bordeaux—perhaps, as Julien Viaud suggests, a style the world might envy. They retain a solid yet never heavy tannic structure, resulting in wines that are both vibrant and structured. A beautiful vintage, even exceptional in certain cases. Whites: The first grapes arrived at the cellar as early as August 11. The wines are highly expressive, with good mid-palate weight and a certain creaminess. They also stand out for their freshness, which brings energy and lift. Sweet wines: When the rains came in late August / early September, the grapes were in excellent health, allowing Botrytis cinerea to develop evenly. The style is rather opulent, with lovely complexity. Bordeaux 2025 overview: A historically low-yield vintage, the smallest since 1991. A prolonged heatwave period, exceeding those of 2003 and 2022. Marked drought throughout the summer, enhancing grape concentration. Decisive rainfall at the end of August / beginning of September, helping to balance ripeness. Exceptionally early harvest, among the earliest ever recorded. Moderate alcohol levels, thanks to day/night temperature variation and late August / early September rainfall. Low pH levels, bringing freshness and tension to the wines. An extreme vintage in climate, yet precise and balanced in the glass. Rarity, freshness, and control: 2025 ticks all the boxes of a great modern Bordeaux. About Inside La Place Inside La Place is a specialist newsletter published by Roland Coiffe & Associés, offering expert commentary, vintage analysis and insider perspectives from across the Place de Bordeaux. Bordeaux 2025 Each spring, the Bordeaux En Primeur campaign gives collectors the opportunity to secure the new vintage before bottling – follow Bordeaux 2025 with FINE+RARE as our team travels to Bordeaux next week, sharing insights, producer highlights and release alerts. Explore now.

Written by Gerda Beziade of négociant Roland Coiffe & Associés, this Inside La Place piece explores the Bordeaux 2025 vintage – one of the smallest in decades – combining her analysis with insights from leading oenologists Eric Boissenot, Thomas Duclos and Julien Viaud.

Gerda Beziade explores Bordeaux 2025, with insights from leading oenologists on style, yields and quality.

Inside La Place: Bordeaux 2025 Vintage Insights 

Inside La Place: Bordeaux 2025

What springs to mind when you think of Bordeaux? Probably châteaux the size of medieval palaces, formal dinners, and rows and rows of pristine vines, neatly manicured rose bushes the only other signs of plant life. What you’re unlikely to be imagining are cow horns stuffed with manure buried in the ground, or horse-drawn ploughs churning through earthworm-rich soil. ‘In the past, in Bordeaux, you were scared to say you were growing biodynamically,’ says Corinne Comme, who manages 10ha of biodynamic vines at Château du Champ des Treilles in Entre-Deux-Mers with her husband Jean-Michel. ‘Now it’s trendy.’ An engineer and geologist, Jean-Michel Comme was behind the first transition of a grand cru classé estate on Bordeaux’s Left Bank to biodynamics. Although he and Corinne first came across the concept in the mid-1990s, he didn’t begin to advocate for the approach at Château Pontet-Canet in Pauillac until the early 2000s. ‘Corinne was scared,’ he recalls. ‘She thought they would fire me.’ "Behind the more esoteric elements is a series of principles that have been shown to improve soil health and vine strength" Originally laid out in a series of lectures by Austrian philosopher, scientist and social reformer Rudolf Steiner in 1924, biodynamic farming emerged as a holistic approach to agriculture before quickly evolving into formal certification movements. At its core, biodynamic farming centres on soil health and biodiversity; most distinctively, it operates according to the lunar calendar, with practitioners timing agricultural activities around specific ‘fruit days’, ‘root days’, ‘leaf days’ and ‘flower days’ to align with cosmic rhythms believed to influence plant growth and agricultural processes. For many in Bordeaux – Jean-Michel Comme included – this all sounded a bit wacky. ‘I was young, full of expectations about chemistry; the way biodynamics was presented was so remote that I felt it was crazy,’ Comme says. ‘But with experience, we did change our minds.’ Why? Because behind the more esoteric elements is a series of principles that have been shown to improve soil health and vine strength. In vineyards, biodynamic farming means specific practices such as hand-harvesting, using natural composts made with specific herbal and mineral preparations, avoiding chemical fertilisers and pesticides, and treating the entire vineyard as a self-sustaining ecosystem. In the cellar, there’s an emphasis on minimal intervention, using native yeasts, avoiding commercial additives, keeping sulphur use to under 70ppm, and employing gentle pressing and ageing techniques that respect the wine’s natural development. While biodynamics took root in regions like the Loire and Burgundy in the 1990s, biodynamic winemaking in Bordeaux largely began in the new millennium, with just two early St-Emilion exceptions: Château Meylet, which has been practising it since 1987, and Château Fonroque, experimenting since 1995 with direction from Loire legend Nicolas Joly. This delay largely stemmed from two factors. First, Bordeaux’s humid maritime climate means that vines are especially vulnerable to both downy and powdery mildew, making the avoidance of synthetic fungicides a risky business. Second, large châteaux with multimillioneuro operations were reluctant to abandon the technological viticulture and winemaking that had built their global reputations in the first place. Comme, however, was convinced of the virtues of biodynamics. He began by seeking the assistance of François Bouchet. The Loire Valley winemaker was one of the first in France to pioneer biodynamics, also consulting for Domaine de la Romanée-Conti, Domaine Leroy and Domaine Leflaive in Burgundy. Bouchet guided the transition to biodynamics at Comme’s Château du Champ des Treilles; then, he persuaded Château Pontet-Canet owner Alfred Tesseron of its merits. In 2004, it was trialled on 15ha (about 20% of the estate’s total growing area) of the fifth growth at which Comme was also technical director. A severe mildew outbreak in 2007 led to the use of pesticides, undoing three years of progress, but it then became a crucial lesson that strengthened their long-term commitment to biodynamics. ‘They believed the fruit had more expression, more brightness,’ says the current technical director at Pontet-Canet, Mathieu Bessonnet, who reveals that they converted the whole of the growing area soon after. ‘It’s obviously much more difficult, time-consuming and expensive, so it was very risky,’ he adds. Since then, biodynamic farming has become a significant and growing practice across different classed growths in the region, with some of the most prestigious estates – such as Château Latour and Château Palmer – adopting biodynamic methods (the latter certified). ‘The link between the wines and the place where the fruit came from had become less and less obvious,’ says Château Palmer’s technical director Thomas Duroux, commenting on the region’s turn to the trend. He notes that, since the noughties, many have adopted organic practices in a bid to reverse this perceived drop in terroir definition. ‘Biodynamics is, in a way, the same story as organic farming, but with a larger vision,’ he adds. This shared perspective has led to more cooperation between practitioners. Every spring, the Médoc branch of the Biodynamic Agriculture Movement gathers at Château Ferrière. After unearthing a thousand manure-filled cow horns and replacing them with silica-filled ones (a process reversed in autumn to produce preparations 500 and 501, required for Demeter certification), participants share wines and gardengrown salads. The humus removed from the cow horns is stored in a cold, damp facility and made available to members. ‘We do that for free,’ says Claire Lurton, owner of Château Ferrière. ‘It’s a community.’ Though ‘community’ might be too strong a word for some, these gatherings symbolise a deepening professional exchange that has emerged among estates of all sizes through the practice of biodynamic winemaking. In fact, the shift among the classed growths has happened at the same time as these practices have been adopted by smaller growers arriving in the region. Christophe Landry of Château des Graviers, for example, returned to Arsac in the 1990s and began practising biodynamics around the same time as Comme at Pontet-Canet. He’s consulted for the Lurton estates and other properties. Originally from Minervois in Languedoc, Michel Théron established Clos du Jaugueyron nearby and has been certified biodynamic since 2008, while Laurence Alias and Pascale Choime – who are both from southwest France – established Closerie des Moussis, a patchwork of sites across 2ha, including a 170-year-old pre-phylloxera plot leased from Théron. On the Right Bank, other producers began switching lanes even earlier. Le Puy, owned by the Amoreau family, began practising in 1998, with certification since 2013, and Château Gombaude-Guillot in Pomerol has been certified biodynamic since 2006. While larger estates like Latour and Palmer collaborate on issues like mildew, smaller producers tend to engage more with one another. Shared biodynamic practices, however, are definitely helping to break down barriers. For example, Château Haut-Bages Libéral maintains regular communication with its neighbours at Château Latour, and the son of Théron at Clos du Jaugueyron interned at Château Palmer for two months. Can we speak of a unity of praxis? Not exactly. There is considerable variation in which aspects of biodynamics winemakers emphasise, regardless of estate size. The primary aim across the board is achieving living soil with rich biodiversity to promote deep-rooted vines. In pursuit of this, some winemakers emphasise tree growing or cover cropping (like Haut-Bages Libéral, which also recently planted a variety of local and fruit trees). Others, such as Le Puy, let nature take its course, allowing a diverse array of plants and flowers to sprout from the earth. Whether certified or not, biodynamic practitioners throughout Bordeaux use homeopathic treatments like nettle teas for the vines – they are believed to stimulate soil health, enhance plant immunity and improve nutrient uptake. More important than any of this, however, is the concept of energy. How can the energy of the plant be retained as its raw material transforms into wine? Every winemaker I visited was at least intrigued by the concept – and most were captivated. After a few days in the sometimes eerily flat Médoc, I drive through the verdant hills of St-Emilion to Le Puy, arriving with a raised spirit. Standing before a 5,000-year-old Celtic cromlech, Harold Langlais, the estate’s director, tells me, ‘Le Puy is a place of energy and life,’ pointing to its deep history as an intersection of water springs. At modern-day Le Puy, this philosophy extends from the vines to the cellar. Indeed, many others I speak to express that, since adopting biodynamics, the most striking change in their wines has been an increase in ‘energy’. It’s a term without a precise definition, but according to Château Palmer’s makers, something shifted with the 2015 vintage, the second year after full conversion. ‘You cannot measure it,’ Thomas Duroux says. ‘You can just feel it.’ At Château Durfort-Vivens, where the vineyard was operating under biodynamic principles by 2013 (with full conversion by 2016), owner Gonzague Lurton recalls the 2014 vintage as ‘the first where you really feel the energy of biodynamics’. It’s tactile and warming, with a sophisticated grip and charm. ‘It’s what I love – the linearity of tannins, never weak from start to finish. With many of the estates I visited, their wines showed an immediate appeal, vibrant even in their youth. Is energy just another way of describing freshness? Laurence Alias at Closerie des Moussis trained as an agricultural engineer; for her, energy and vitality are tied to the physical properties of grapes grown biodynamically. ‘We have more acidity, that’s an analytic fact,’ she tells me, standing in front of a newly acquired plot of vines bordered by forest. It might be romantic to think of energy as something ineffable, but it’s also rooted in what remains within the grapes. ‘Our idea of energy is based more on Einstein than Steiner,’ Langlais later qualifies. ‘Energy is matter.’ Biodynamic winemaking in Bordeaux: five to follow Château Pontet-Canet At the 55ha Pontet-Canet estate in Pauillac, an immensely smooth operation is palpable. Winemakers here have spent almost two decades honing their biodynamic craft, continually moving towards a goal of self-sufficiency for the estate. Sturdy Comtois horses, introduced in 2008, now work half the vineyard, preventing soil compaction. Vineyards are sprayed over a single day using compost and herbal teas produced from plants grown in and around the property and processed in the state-of-the-art infusion room. Biodiversity-boosting fruit trees and hedges have been planted. The estate even employs a carpenter who repurposes wood from vats used on the property. Ageing involves custom-made wooden eggs and qvevri-style amphorae, with no fining and minimal filtration. The result? A Pauillac with untypical levels of energy and minerality, and a plush, velvety texture. But it’s more than that – according to Bessonnet, thanks to a low-intervention approach across the board, ‘you can really feel the soil.’ Château Palmer Thomas Duroux’s conviction in biodynamics is based in what he calls a ‘holistic vision’. ‘We started to see the entire place as a living organism,’ he says of Château Palmer, one of the most storied and historically significant third-growth estates in Bordeaux. When converting (a process that started in 2009), the Margaux estate was initially guided by François Bouchet’s son Matthieu, but now it follows its own evolving philosophy, integrating cover crops, animals for fertilisation and estate-grown vegetables and meat. ‘It’s just going back to agricultural common sense,’ Duroux says. ‘That was the way to grow anything before World War II.’ This respect for nature results in wines that are deeply tied to their terroir. ‘If I had to describe the wines how they are today, compared to how they were before, I’ll just say that it’s not a revolution, but we have the feeling that the wines have a better identity,’ says Duroux. He likens biodynamics to restoring an old painting: ‘Suddenly, you see small details that you were not able to see because of the dust.’ The estate uses stainless-steel vats for fermentation and temperature-controlled rooms for barrel-ageing, combined with nativeyeast and low-sulphur winemaking, to produce its esteemed Alter Ego and Château Palmer cuvées; both have been increasingly celebrated among critics and drinkers since the turn to biodynamics. ‘We just think it does help to go a little bit further in the interpretation of the place,’ says Duroux. Château Durfort-Vivens Standing over a rustic sorting table explaining how it used to work, Gonzague Lurton is visibly passionate about the savoir-faire of the past. This sensibility is reflected in the current winemaking practices, too, and in the second-growth Margaux estate’s reputation (and critics’ scores) increasing year on year. The thing to emphasise is that what began with a biodynamic approach in the vineyards led to a series of domino effects that changed the character of the wines. In search of what Lurton calls greater ‘singularity’, the proportion of Cabernet Sauvignon had already risen to over 90% by 2014 (from around 75%); and with the use of indigenous yeasts during fermentation and the reduction of sulphur levels over time (initially sparked by Demeter’s upper limits of 70mg/l), the wines have become more aromatically complex and expressive. The introduction of amphorae by Italian producer Tava has allowed for microoxidation without overextraction, contributing to a more delicate balance of flavours, with the 2019 estate wine a blend aged one third in amphorae and the rest in barrel. ‘It’s not a big wine,’ says Lurton. ‘And it’s what I was looking for with biodynamics, in terms of style.’ Château des Graviers Christophe Landry’s pioneering status in Margaux stems from an instinct refined over decades at his own estate. He grows medicinal plants — horsetail, absinthe, calendula, chamomile — for vineyard treatments, as well as using the manure from his own cows. ‘What we need to remember is that biodynamics isn’t just a practice,’ he tells me. ‘It’s about finding your own path to self-sufficiency.’ His precision extends to the cellar, where he uses concrete tanks, amphorae and oak barrels (produced according to the biodynamic calendar) tailored to each of the five cépages’ oxygenation needs, then ages the wines for different lengths of time. Timing is everything, with harvest choices also following the biodynamic calendar. Obsessive care for the vines’ life cycles goes hand in hand with the level of precision in the cellar. The outcome is two phenomenal wines that are, as Landry puts it, ‘thirstquenching’. Château des Graviers and Quintessence — which contains a higher proportion of Petit Verdot and is aged longer in barrel and amphorae — are aromatically expressive, velvety and strikingly lively, with the latter offering more depth and an enveloping finish. Expanding to 18ha, Landry has also turned his focus to Clos Dufourg, cultivating vines on previously wild land nearby and hand-building a striking new cellar with cement tanks painted with clay from the surrounding earth. Le Puy For technical director Harold Langlais, the Le Puy estate’s significance lies in how it challenges Bordeaux’s conventional identity. Outside of the region’s traditional focus on appellations and classifications, Le Puy sits on a plateau near St-Emilion. The estate’s land is unusual, with no topsoil but a deep limestone bedrock beneath red-brown clay, which forces the vines to develop deep roots to access the earth’s natural water and nutrients. This is further supported by horse-ploughing and biodynamic sprays made from horsetail, buckthorn and nettles, which grow on the property. ‘Our approach focuses on rooting the vine deep,’ Langlais explains, ‘encouraging it to search out hidden nutrients.’ A vigorous wind circulates around the vines, and Langlais explains the effects of the elements. ‘The beauty of Le Puy is that it’s an acid factory. The whole place creates acidity in the berries.’ The biodynamic philosophy extends to the winemaking, with two different processes applied to their 100% Merlot cuvées. Cuvée Emilien uses a ‘decantation method’, or ‘fermentation by infusion’, while Barthélemy is produced with zero sulphites and a process of lees-stirring called ‘dynamisation’, which is done on fruit days and involves a specific motion to create a vortex in the old barrels it ages in. ‘Barthélemy is much more intense,’ Langlais says. ‘All the matter taken by the plant is in there.’

Written for Club Oenologique in 2025, Joel Hart visits Bordeaux to track the region’s belated embrace of biodynamic winemaking. While other French regions ploughed ahead, Bordeaux had its reasons for delayed adoption. Yet now the practice is booming, and Hart gauges its employment across estates.

Written for Club Oenologique, contributor Joel Hart visits Bordeaux to track the region’s belated embrace of biodynamic winemaking. 

Taking root: the rise of biodynamic winemaking in Bordeaux

Few people have been lucky enough to be as immersed in Burgundy’s finest wines as Martin Donatsch. His father bought a pallet of top Burgundy, including those of Domaine de la Romanée Conti (DRC) and Armand Rousseau, every year from the early 1970s onwards. Martin’s birth in 1978 – a fantastic vintage in Burgundy – only encouraged his father to buy more, and Martin, now in his early 40s, has been enjoying wines from the family collection ever since. Just last week, he uncorked a 1978 DRC Echézeaux. This immersion has provided him with an extraordinary understanding of Chardonnay and Pinot Noir – something that has doubtless helped him become one of the world’s great emerging winemaking talents. Donatsch is one of a small number of producers growing Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and the native Completer grape in Bündner Herrschaft in Switzerland. This tiny Swiss valley, for the time being, remains largely unknown – but, as Donatsch certainly believes, it may just be one of the world’s last great regions for fine wine production.The altitude (500 to 700 metres above sea-level) sees the vines flower a week later than is typical in Burgundy, yet picking dates are three to four weeks later. This provides a much longer growing season, allowing for complex flavours and aromas to develop in the grapes. Despite the altitude, the grapes reach good levels of ripeness thanks to the warm, dry wind – known locally as a “foehn”, that sweeps through the valley. Unlike Burgundy, autumns here are dry, so there is rarely pressure to pick before rain arrives, allowing for additional hang-time. The altitude keeps the acidity high, offsetting the naturally slightly higher alcohol (typically around 14%), meaning the wines never feel overly alcoholic. While Bündner Herrschaft has been home to Pinot Noir since the 15th century, Donatsch – now in the hands of the fifth generation – has pioneered the quality revolution in the region. Martin’s father Thomas Donatsch was not only the first to – then illegally – plant Chardonnay in 1975, but also the first to introduce French barriques to Switzerland, influenced by his vigneron friend André Noblet, the winemaker at Domaine de la Romanée-Conti from 1945 to 1986. In the early 1970s, Thomas – a young 20-year-old about to take on the family winery – set off to learn from the best. Obsessed with Burgundy from a young age, he knocked on the door unannounced at Domaine de la Romanée-Conti. In a fortuitous set of circumstances, Noblet had just returned from his first ever holiday (in Gran Canaria) and the first extended time away from his beloved wines. He had missed his wine cellar so much during the trip, he couldn’t wait to return. Finding the young Donatsch sitting by the door and desperate to reacquaint himself with his wines, Noblet invited Thomas to spend the afternoon with him tasting the different cuvées from barrel. Martin believes his dad gained Noblet’s trust by initially criticising DRC’s Montrachet 1968. Tasting the wine Donatsch reportedly said, “There is no way this wine could come from the great Montrachet!” A little precocious, perhaps: fortunately Noblet agreed it wasn’t his finest vintage, but the result of experiments in the winery. It was the beginning of a lifelong friendship, with Donatsch returning to the DRC cellars every year. On each visit, Noblet would always pour him a glass of Montrachet 1968 and ask his opinion before tasting any of the other wines. It wasn’t long before Donatsch was buying a pallet of Grand Cru Burgundy every year (at that time a bottle of La Tâche was just over £35 a bottle). Noblet also started to help Donatsch improve his Pinot Noir – first by giving Thomas his first three French barriques. These weren’t just any old barrels though, they had previously held La Tâche and were made by François Frères – who at the time had just two customers, Domaine de la Romanée-Conti and Henri Boillot. Donatsch took the barrels back to Switzerland, and the winery has been using François Frères barriques ever since. I asked Martin why the introduction of French barriques in Switzerland was such a revolution for the region. At the time, he says, the Swiss wine schools were obsessed with cleanliness – teaching the importance of filtering wines, using protective winemaking methods and using stainless steel tanks even for the red wines. The use of barrels was the opposite; it meant no additional filtering and a more oxidative environment. Donatsch believes the introduction of barriques around the world revolutionised fine wine. Angelo Gaja was the first to do it in Italy; Torres the first in Spain; Mondavi in the US; and Keller in Germany. But Thomas Donatsch was doing this 10 years before any of them, thanks to the influence of André Noblet, as well as Jean-Bernard Delmas – the winemaker at Château Haut-Brion, another of Thomas Donatsch’s influential friends.  Speaking with Martin Donatsch, you can’t help but feel he has got all his priorities in order. The small size of his winery means he can control every aspect of production, while benefitting from the variety that a life in wine can offer. Producing just 35,000 bottles a year means that when he is not in the vineyard tending his crop, he is in the winery, or fulfilling orders and redesigning his website (graphic design is another passion of his). Being one of the country’s most prestigious winemakers he sells his wine into the country’s top restaurants and luxury hotels, who can’t get enough of his wine. Donatsch’s annual release of wines sells out in just hours. While this is a great sign of his talents, it is also why many people outside of Switzerland have never heard of, let alone experienced, the world-class Pinot Noir and Chardonnay from the winery. Despite the demand for the Donatsch wines, there are no plans to expand: firstly because the authorities won’t allow it, but second because Martin loves the “human” size of the business and doesn’t want to lose that. Martin is, however, keen for more people outside of Switzerland to taste them. Beyond the tiny volumes that make it as far as export, to source these extraordinary wines you’ll have to (when one can) visit the winery yourself. You may just, knocking on the cellar door unannounced, receive a welcome as warm as young Thomas Donatsch did at Romanée-Conti.  Browse the latest releases from Domaine Donatsch or explore more Editorial

There is such domestic demand for the wines of Domaine Donatsch that they are rarely seen outside Switzerland. Tucked in amongst the Alps, this property makes world-class Pinot Noir and Chardonnay that gives Burgundy a run for its money. Gavin Smith explores the extraordinary site 

Winemaker and Domaine Donatsch owner Martin Donatsch on his world-class Swiss Pinot Noir and Chardonnay that give Burgundy a run for its money.

Exploring Donatsch's world-class Swiss wines

The high life: Martin Donatsch

Over his 16-year career as CEO of the estate, Thomas Duroux has come to know Château Palmer’s identity, its nuances and its ability to evolve better than anyone. He has an intimate knowledge of the last 70 vintages of Château Palmer and admits he has already tasted the 2010 vintage more than 100 times during its evolution over the last 10 years. But the decision to release it 10 years on was not always the plan. Duroux says, “2010 is really one of the most extraordinary vintages, up there with the 2005, 2009, 2015 and 2016 but for me the 2010 is probably the most serious, deepest wine of all of them and I believed would require a long time to open up.”  But, on the final day of the 2019 vintage, as is tradition, Thomas holds a big party with the harvesters and always opens a special bottle of Château Palmer to share with them. “I don’t know why I decided on 2010 that day, but it turned out to be a flash of inspiration. The wine had changed so much from just a few months before, incredibly open, still deep. How wrong I was that it would remain closed for longer.”  The ageing potential of Bordeaux   Bordeaux’s capacity to age is extraordinary. No wine seems to retain freshness and structure for so long, with top vintages easily reaching their 50th anniversary and some twice as long. But with Bordeaux leading the way on scientific development and research within winemaking and a better understanding of its molecular make-up, the style of modern-era Bordeaux has certainly changed. This change in style has many questioning whether with these new techniques, the wines might open up earlier, but struggle to go the distance.  Despite 2010 Palmer entering its drinking window at just 10 years, Duroux has no concern over its longevity. “In the past, a wine with this depth would take time to open. I remember tasting the 1928 with Claude Chardon, the former manager of Château Palmer, and he said this wine took 30 years even to show up! The vintage was undoubtedly exceptional, producing massively concentrated berries, but the grapes were possibly not all picked at the right time. In those days the harvest started and every parcel was picked in one go.”  Today each parcel is monitored separately and – depending on the conditions – the harvest could last up to a month, with breaks in between as they wait for the perfect maturity, explains Duroux. Back then all the berries would have been extracted the same regardless of the vintage conditions, regardless of the different characteristics of the varying parcels. This laissez-faire attitude meant the wines would often shut down for many years. Today, with better understanding and a more precise approach, the wines’ extraction time varies, “Our pump-overs could be two hours or could be 10 minutes, with every tank assessed individually. Today the wines don’t have to go through that shock process that they used to.”   But Duroux believes the ingredients for long-ageing are still there, just without the extended dumb phase often found in the top vintages of the past. Duroux constantly monitors the development of Château Palmer and, as he has witnessed Palmer age, its drinking window isn’t simply a linear timeframe but goes through several, what he calls “drinking plateaus”.  Even in not-so-great vintages, the ageing of the wine is a fascinating exploration. “1957 as a vintage does not have a great reputation, but recently I tasted it and it was spectacular and totally different from three years ago. Yes, there will be disappointments – ’72 and ’73 will never reach a new plateau in their drinking life, but typically as Palmer ages, it will open and close with distinct drinking plateaus in between.”  The Palmer identity  With so much experience tasting Palmer through the ages, I’m fascinated to understand what it is Duroux believes defines Palmer in the glass. “There are many easy words,” he says. “Complexity, depth etc – but perhaps the two most distinctive elements are its aromatics and its distinct texture on the palate within a Margaux context. First and foremost Palmer has a very strong Margaux character defined by the softness and elegance of tannins. But in Palmer specifically, it is both fine but also textural – a velvet-like texture giving the wine more structure than is necessarily typical of Margaux. I believe it’s due to the unusual distinction at Palmer, that some of our best grapes come from are old Merlot vines grown on gravel – typically a soil kept for Cabernet Sauvignon.”  For Duroux the old Cabernet vines provide the precision, but it is these Merlot grapes that provide the distinct textural qualities of Palmer. Secondly, Palmer’s aromatic complexity remains a reliable trait. “The aromatic complexity will always come out of the glass when the vintage enters its drinking window,” testifies Duroux. Many believe they can recognise Palmer by its smell alone.   Thomas Duroux’s influence   In recent years Château Palmer has undoubtedly become one of Margaux’s most consistent producers and one of Bordeaux’s most collected wines. After 16 years at the helm, Duroux contemplates his proudest achievements at Palmer. “The first necessary change, which I believe has had a great impact at Palmer, was to not see Palmer’s vineyards as a whole – but to see Palmer as made up of separate and diverse vineyards. That we should act differently from one plot to another and then to reflect that diversity in the vineyard back in the winery. Every plot is now managed independently, treated independently, picked independently and vinified independently.”  Once the plots had been differentiated, Duroux’s second change was to have a global vision of what “our farm should be”. Most importantly, to bring life back to the soils. By working the vineyards biodynamically, Duroux says, “We have seen much more diversity, complexity and life in our soils, our cover crops, our trees and animals. We have brought more autonomy to the estate, each year relying less and less on bringing stuff from outside.” Today the estate fertilizes the vineyards from manure from their own cattle, “This is not a revolution but returning to how we farmed 100 years ago.”  These changes have not come without risk. As a biodynamic producer, Duroux explains, “We have fewer weapons to fight disease, but we have the feeling that with time we will limit the risk, we will not see mildew as a disease but as an imbalance in the vineyard.” The 2018 vintage was hugely difficult for Palmer, who lost two-thirds of their crop to mildew. The 2020 vintage brought similar mildew pressures but Duroux says they were nowhere near as affected, “We have learnt so much about our vineyard since 2018.”  Bordeaux’s developing market  Perhaps Duroux’s decision to re-release Palmer 10 years on will be his third big influence at Château Palmer. This decision will no doubt be carefully monitored by other châteaux, who like Duroux are aware the Bordeaux market is developing.  “In 2010 we recognised the market was changing. Releasing the wine en primeur, unfinished, receiving the wine two years later and storing the wine for 10 years before approaching it has been the norm for many years – but for many new customers, this was not how they liked to buy wine. Many people, for one, don’t have the storage capacity and also want to purchase wines ready to drink. From that point we began to hold back a little, rather than releasing all the wine en primeur. By 2014, we were holding back around 50% of the production and (apart from 2018 – where our production was down by two thirds), we have continued to do this, to this day.”   But these late releases are not set to replace en primeur at Palmer. “I still have a strong belief in the en primeur system,” says Duroux. “It is not about doing one or the other. Customers who invest in a product early should be rewarded for that price-wise. But at the same time we also need to cater for our other customers who want wines ready to drink.” For the 2010 at least, Duroux confirms this will be the last time you will be able to buy the vintage direct from the château.  The wine world watches as Duroux’s next step could not only have a huge impact on the future of Château Palmer, but could also influence how all Bordeaux is sold going forward.   Browse all current Ch. Palmer listings or read more Editorial

We caught up with Thomas Duroux the day before he was due to start harvesting the 2020 vintage to find out the reasoning behind the late 2010 release, what is set to become an annual event for the château.  

Thomas Duroux of Chateau Palmer on the reasoning behind the late 2010 wine vintage release, what is set to become an annual event for the Bordeaux château.  

Château Palmer interview

Thomas Duroux: Château Palmer interview

Schrader Cellars is one of Napa’s most decorated producers. The estate’s approach of pairing specific clones with the perfect site to produce the ultimate expression of Napa Cabernet has made it a critics’ darling – and the property is behind some of the most coveted fine wines on the market. To date, Schrader has received an astounding 35 100-point scores.  Schrader Cellers founder Fred Schrader and the estate’s winemaker Thomas Rivers Brown are huge fans of the To Kalon vineyard in Napa’s Oakville and much of the production from Schrader is concentrated on this single site, such is the obsession with the place and conviction in its quality.   To Kalon is home to some of Napa’s oldest vines and best Cabernet Sauvignon. There are more 100-point wines to originate from this vineyard than any other on the planet and many famous names have built their reputation on it. Schrader bottles different clones of Cabernet Sauvignon from this site, highlighting the nuance and personality that Napa Cabernet can achieve.  Stylistically, Schrader’s wines are immense, opulent and plushly textured, underpinned by elegant power. Schrader is high-octane Napa at its finest. It is immediately clear tasting through the range that these are precise wines. High alcohol, high levels of oak, high levels of concentration are all potential red flags when it comes to wine faults (these wines being much more volatile), but these Schrader bottlings are as clean as a whistle.   With a total production of just 2,500 to 4,000 cases each year, this is meticulous winemaking at its finest. It means winemaker Thomas Rivers Brown and his team can keep these high-octane wines protected from potential faults throughout fermentation and élevage, never losing the fruit clarity that so clearly defines these wines.  RBS is made entirely from the Cabernet Clone 337 from Beckstoffer To Kalon. Jason Smith – Schrader’s in-house Master Sommelier – explains that this clone is their most fruit-driven; it can achieve phenomenal levels of ripeness and is known for its bright, fruit-forward style. Tasting the 2017, the wine is super intense, though the power is measured, pulsing with energy that builds beautifully on the palate. The purity of fruit is impressive and the fruit flavours mesh so well with the new oak tones, while a distinct red fruit character dominates. It is beautifully balanced, despite its opulence. Due to Clone 337’s natural style, it spends less time in new oak – around 18-19 months.  CCS is made from Clone 4 Cabernet – also known as the Mendoza clone – in To Kalon. Clone 4 is known for its density on the mid-palate and is much more tannic and extracted than the RBS. The wine really does have a denser core and more intensity compared to Clone 337. The fruit character is also darker and much more brooding. The 2018 still has more to give and is a little clenched at the moment. The warmer 2018 vintage also would potentially emphasise that, but this is also the characteristic of the clone, built for longer ageing.  The Heritage Clone cuvée is made with Clone 31 – the original clone planted by Robert Mondavi in To Kalon. The 2019 is a breath-taking wine. This is perhaps partly due to 2019 being an incredibly expressive vintage, but what is most notable is how the intensity is matched by overriding freshness. The balance of concentration and acidity from Clone 31 (at least in this vintage) really gives the wine a distinct character. It is stunning – and the length is really quite something. Old Sparky is Schrader’s top cuvée – a mix of Fred Schrader’s favourite blocks from To Kalon curated and blended differently each year. To taste the 2012 out of magnum, a wine now with some bottle age, was a rare treat, but also confirmed the precision at work at Schrader. After 10 years in bottle the wine has fully unfurled, the tannins bring structure but are open-knit. The depth is extraordinary. There are the first signs of tertiary development but the aromas are still so pure. It is a heavenly bottle and such is its balance that it is going to age effortlessly, but why resist this any longer, it is perfect now.   Contrasting the three clonal wines side by side, it is undeniable that each of the wines have quite different personalities considering they are all Cabernet from the same vineyard and made by the same winemaker. When it comes to personality, the Heritage Clone bottling really stands out, but matches the other bottlings for its plushness and amazing fruit clarity. Old Sparky, as a blend of clones, also shows how well they can work together. Understanding the effects different clones have on wine flavour, structure, concentration and ageing potential is one more aspect to a wine’s make-up that, while not often so publicly addressed as with Schrader’s bottlings, has played an instrumental part over the last 20 years in building fine wine’s complexity.  The latest vintage from Schrader is released each autumn. Find out more about the estate and browse all current listings of back-vintages, or read more about California 

Top Napa estate Schrader Cellars has championed the use of individual clones of Cabernet Sauvignon in its quest for quality. Tasting through the range with the property’s own Master Sommelier Jason Smith, we explore how these pioneering wines have won the hearts of oenophiles around the world

Talking to Master Sommelier Jason Smith about Schrader Cellars’ use of single-clone To Kalon Cabernet Sauvignon to make the finest Napa wine

Clonal Cabernet Sauvignon with Schrader Cellars

Talking clonal Cabernet with Schrader Cellars

“Corriamo rischi ogni giorno,” mi dice Vanessa Martin. Se non sapessi che ci troviamo in una cantina, potresti pensare che Martin fosse una pilota da caccia, una vigile del fuoco o forse una doppiogiochista. Le due donne davanti a me, Martin e la sua collega Chantal Uldry, non incarnano necessariamente l’immagine dei temerari – ma tra le loro mani sono passate migliaia di bottiglie di uno dei vini più preziosi al mondo: Ch. d’Yquem. Non sarà questione di vita o di morte, ma questo liquido è così ambito che può sembrarlo. 
 L’unica tenuta di Sauternes o Barsac ad essere stata dichiarata Premier Cru Supérieur nel 1855, Ch. d’Yquem ha una lunga storia che risale al Medioevo. Il vino prodotto da questa proprietà, nel punto più alto di Sauternes, è stato elogiato per secoli. Fu gustato da personaggi come Thomas Jefferson nell’Ottocento, mentre Jay-Z e Beyoncé hanno fatto visita alla fine dello scorso anno. La proprietà e i suoi vini sono roba da leggenda, ricercati da appassionati e collezionisti di tutto il mondo. 
 La produzione di questo dolce nettare è meticolosa – le viti sono curate con attenzione durante l’anno, e l’uva viene raccolta solo se Madre Natura fornisce le condizioni giuste perché si sviluppi la botrytis cinerea, alias “muffa nobile”. Se tutto gioca a loro favore, con la giusta quantità di umidità e calore al momento opportuno, questo fungo si insinuerà nei grappoli, perforando la buccia, concentrando acidi e zuccheri negli acini, oltre a conferire i suoi distintivi aromi speziati e di marmellata d’arancia. La squadra di Yquem passerà tra i filari fino a sei volte, raccogliendo grappoli e acini singoli al giusto punto. Le rese sono minuscole, con all’incirca un solo bicchiere di vino prodotto da ogni vite. Una volta che l’uva è arrivata in cantina, pressata, fermentata e affinata in botte, con solo il meglio selezionato per l’assemblaggio finale, il vino deve essere imbottigliato ed etichettato – preparato per il suo debutto nel mondo. Ed è qui che entrano in scena Martin e Uldry, parte della squadra che garantisce che ogni bottiglia che lascia la proprietà sia degna del nome Ch. d’Yquem. 
 “Cerchiamo la perfezione,” mi dice Martin. Lavora nella tenuta da due decenni, avendo iniziato tra i vigneti prima di passare in cantina; ha lavorato con la storica enologa della proprietà Sandrine Garbay sulla vinificazione così come sull’imbottigliamento e l’etichettatura, e ora sotto l’attuale Maître de Chai Toni El Khawand. Martin, come Uldry, è del posto – e il vino è il mestiere della regione. I suoi genitori hanno lavorato tra le viti, così lei ha seguito le loro orme. Ma non le piaceva, trovava il ciclo annuale ripetitivo – fare le stesse cose anno dopo anno – e chiese di cambiare. “Questo lavoro, cambia ogni giorno,” mi dice del suo ruolo in cantina. “Vedo persone diverse ogni giorno; il mio lavoro cambia ogni giorno.” Osservare il lavoro della squadra è notevole. Sebbene oggi molto sia meccanizzato, tutto viene controllato da un membro umano del team. Martin preleva una bottiglia dalla linea per controllare un’etichetta, tira fuori un metro e sospira, prima di staccare con cura la retroetichetta e riapplicarla un millimetro più in alto sulla bottiglia. Guardo una loro collega allineare un righello contro una doppia magnum (tutti i grandi formati sono ancora etichettati a mano), riapplicando un’etichetta cinque volte per assicurarsi che sia perfetta. A un’altra postazione, una donna arrotola delicatamente ogni bottiglia in carta velina traslucida, avvolgendo ciascuna con lo stesso tocco leggero, prima di adagiarla con cura in una cassa. 
 Uldry era pronta a ritirarsi alla fine dello scorso anno, dopo 23 anni a Ch. d’Yquem. Come Martin, ha visto molti cambiamenti nella tenuta, con la sua evoluzione sotto LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy), che ha investito molto da quando ha acquistato la proprietà nel 1999. Ricorda quando lavavano le bottiglie a mano, e i macchinari erano molto più goffi – mentre ora l’operazione è molto fluida, con standard più elevati che mai. C’è stato un periodo in cui lo château faceva molto riconfezionamento – vecchie annate venivano rimandate per essere controllate, autenticate, colmate e reincorciate, oltre a essere eventualmente rietichettate, prima di essere rispedite a un negoziante o a un collezionista. Di conseguenza, sia Martin sia Uldry hanno visto bottiglie straordinariamente antiche e – per loro fortuna – hanno avuto la possibilità di assaggiarne alcune. Martin ha assaggiato la 1921, mentre l’esperienza di Uldry risale all’annata 1904 – vini che faticano a trovare le parole per descrivere. Ricordo Sandrine Garbay raccontarmi di una bottiglia dell’Ottocento che si trovava in una cantina in Spagna, ma fu accidentalmente rotta, e la squadra di sommelier chiamò urgentemente lo château, cullando la bottiglia mentre guidavano fino a Bordeaux, disperati di salvare il prezioso vino. “È motivo d’orgoglio che queste bottiglie vadano in tutto il mondo,” dice Uldry, quando chiedo della destinazione finale del vino che passa tra le loro mani. Sono ben consapevoli del valore del vino che maneggiano, dell’impatto di eventuali rotture e di quanto sia cruciale il loro ruolo. È, dopotutto, l’ultimo passo per queste bottiglie prima che lascino la tenuta, partendo nel mondo come ambasciatrici dell’eredità di Yquem. E molte delle bottiglie, se non la maggior parte, dell’annata 2021 (appena rilasciata) sopravvivranno a chi le ha realizzate. Come dice Martin, il loro lavoro non riguarda l’oggi – ma il domani: “Lo lasciamo alle generazioni che verranno.” 
 Scopri tutte le inserzioni attuali di Ch. d’Yquem o leggi di più su Bordeaux

Per creare vini di livello mondiale serve un’attenzione maniacale ai dettagli, e questo vale anche per Ch. d’Yquem. Nell’ultima puntata della nostra serie dietro le quinte di Bordeaux, parliamo con chi garantisce che ogni bottiglia di oro liquido sia perfetta.

Exploring the art and craft of labelling each and every bottle of liquid gold from top Sauternes estate, Ch. d’Yquem – the world’s best sweet wine 

Gilding the future at Ch. d’Yquem

Doratura del futuro: Ch. d’Yquem

Ispirata da un russo, prima prodotta da un ungherese, poi da un francese e poi da un tedesco, la tradizione enologica di Masseto è stata decisamente internazionale, almeno fino ad ora. Da gennaio 2024, la principale azienda produttrice di Super Tuscan e gemella di Ornellaia ha avuto il suo primo autoctono al timone: Marco Balsimelli, nato ad Arezzo, non lontano da Siena, ha preso le redini dal direttore di produzione di lunga data Axel Heinz. 
Balsimelli vanta un illustre pedigree, avendo vissuto a lungo a Bordeaux, lavorando presso Gruaud Larose e, dal 2010, al fianco del celebre Eric Boissenot come enologo consulente per molte delle principali aziende della regione, ma l'opportunità di lavorare a Ornellaia e Masseto – nomi iconici della sua terra d'origine toscana – era un'opportunità che non poteva rifiutare. 
Fu André Tchelistcheff (enologo di origine russa di Napa Valley) a suggerire per primo a Lodovico Antinori che una particolare collina della tenuta di Ornellaia sarebbe stata perfetta per il Merlot. Tchelistcheff, consulente di Antinori, riconobbe il potenziale di quel terreno di argilla blu, lo stesso che è sinonimo di Pétrus. All'epoca, negli anni '80, il Merlot era scarsamente piantato in Toscana e rimaneva una quantità sconosciuta nella regione, con solo Castello di Ama, con sede più nell'entroterra del Chianti Classico, che possedeva alcune viti (oggi utilizzate per il suo vino di punta, L'Apparita). Ciononostante, il team di Ornellaia si arrischiò e piantò la maggior parte dei sette ettari di terreno argilloso nel 1984 (ulteriori impianti furono effettuati nel 1995). 
La ​​prima annata di Merlot da questa tenuta fu prodotta nel 1987: nacque il Masseto. Il nome deriva da "masso", che in italiano significa roccia, per i grandi ammassi di argilla simili a massi che punteggiano la superficie del vigneto. Non ci volle molto perché il vino ottenesse riconoscimenti internazionali, con Wine Spectator che assegnò all'annata 2001 100 punti, e il suo posto nella storia del vino si consolidò. Sebbene Tchelistcheff sia stato consulente fino al 1989, sostituito da Michel Rolland dal 1991, l'ungherese Tibor Gál fu il primo enologo della proprietà. A Gál successe Thomas Duroux (ora di Ch. Palmer), che nel 2005 passò il testimone ad Axel Heinz, l'enologo di origine tedesca che aveva preceduto Balsimelli. Anche la proprietà è cambiata di mano nel corso degli anni: la famiglia Mondavi ne ha acquisito una quota nel 1999, prima di acquistarla direttamente da Lodovico Antinori e venderla alla famiglia Frescobaldi, che ha acquisito la piena proprietà di Ornellaia e Masseto dal 2005. 
Molto potrebbe essere cambiato, ma il terroir è rimasto immutato. "È un sito davvero speciale", mi dice Balsimelli. L'argilla, fondamentale, domina lo strato superficiale del terreno, che è profondo solo circa un metro. Quando piove, l'argilla si gonfia, rendendo quasi impossibile lo sviluppo delle radici delle viti. Gli alti livelli di sodio nei terreni non fanno che accentuare il problema. "Per le radici, è una battaglia quotidiana", dice. È questa lotta, secondo lui, che si può assaporare nei frutti concentrati e ad alta acidità di questo sito. 
Anche il clima è fondamentale, trovandosi a soli 10 chilometri dal Mar Tirreno. Le fresche brezze marine fanno sì che la temperatura sia di circa 5 °C inferiore a quella della Toscana centrale, con un calo di circa 15 °C tra il giorno e la notte. Combinando questo con la luce riflessa dal mare, si ottiene una lunga stagione vegetativa, che preserva aromi e acidità, ma favorisce la maturazione fenolica: vini che combinano profumo e potenza. Circondato dai boschi, c'è un motivo per cui Masseto è gestito come un progetto completamente separato da Ornellaia, con una propria identità unica, anche se ha sempre condiviso un enologo (e, fino al 2019, una cantina) con la tenuta gemella. 
Per Balsimelli, il progetto ha rappresentato una nuova sfida. L'abbandono del ruolo di consulente – non più un semplice consulente prima di passare al progetto successivo, ma un semplice sostenitore di ogni decisione – aggiunge un nuovo peso di responsabilità. "Passo molto tempo a riflettere sulle questioni tecniche e sulle conseguenze", mi dice. Poiché la maggior parte del suo lavoro con Boissenot si era concentrato sulla Rive Gauche di Bordeaux, concentrandosi su blend a base di Cabernet provenienti da tenute più grandi, lavorare con una piccola proprietà, concentrandosi su un solo vitigno e diverse sottoparticelle, è un puzzle completamente diverso. L'approccio, per lui, è molto più borgognone, incentrato sull'espressione della purezza del sito e della sua argilla blu. "Bisogna essere perfetti con un solo tipo di terreno e un solo vitigno", spiega. La ricerca della perfezione è iniziata molto tempo fa a Masseto e oggi le viti hanno un'età media compresa tra i 20 e i 30 anni. Sono anche passati dal cordone speronato all'alberello, una tecnica sperimentata per la prima volta nel 2008, che hanno scoperto aiutare a mitigare gli effetti del riscaldamento globale (reagendo meglio in condizioni di siccità e proteggendo i frutti dal calore del sole). Coltivato biologicamente dal 2012, è stata posta particolare attenzione anche alla promozione della biodiversità in tutto il sito, anche utilizzando colture di copertura per ridurre la compattazione del suolo, aumentare l'organicità c e trattenere l'umidità nei terreni. 
La prima annata di Balsimelli è stata la 2024, che non uscirà prima del 2027. Ma è chiaramente entusiasta del sito, così come di come può modificare e migliorare un vino già lodato dalla critica e dai consumatori. "Quando assaggi vecchie annate di Masseto, puoi percepire l'eredità, assaporare il terroir", afferma – ed è esattamente ciò che vuole fare in futuro, incanalando la filosofia di Boissenot: comprendere un pezzo di terra e trovare la soluzione migliore per esprimerlo nel bicchiere. Per lui, quella soluzione consisterà nell'accentuare l'eleganza del vino. 
Fa notare come ci fosse – in tutto il mondo del vino – una tendenza verso basse rese e alti livelli di maturità nei primi anni 2000, ma le sue annate preferite sono quelle che hanno visto un maggiore equilibrio. Il 2006, ad esempio, è il suo preferito al momento: un anno con più precipitazioni, più vigore e, a suo dire, più energia. È un'annata che, a suo avviso, è "la chiave per il futuro". 
Il sito è in grado di maturare rapidamente e Balsimelli intende concentrarsi sulla freschezza, magari anticipando un po' la vendemmia, riducendo l'estrazione e abbassando le temperature di macerazione. Il 2022 è l'annata che uscirà a settembre: un vino che, a detta di Balsimelli, dimostra quanto sia buono il sito, performando anche in condizioni difficili come la calda stagione vegetativa del 2022. È, a suo dire, "la magia di Masseto". Magia che sia, ma Balsimelli è determinato a valorizzare ulteriormente questa tenuta speciale. 
Esplora tutti gli annunci attuali di Masseto o leggi altri articoli editoriali

Spesso considerato il Petrus d'Italia, il Masseto è un vino senza eguali. In vista della nuova uscita, abbiamo incontrato Marco Balsimelli, oggi alla guida, per parlare di questo sito speciale e di cosa riserva il futuro al Super Tuscan.

Talking to the Super Tuscan’s new Production Director Marco Balsimelli about Masseto, Ornellaia sibling estate and its unique Merlot wines

The magic of Masseto - Marco Balsimelli

La magia del Masseto

Domaine de Montille is one of the most historic estates in the Cote d’Or, founded in 1730 and family-run and owned ever since. Today Etienne de Montille is the ninth generation at the helm.  The De Montille story through the ages is a familiar one in Burgundy in which for a long period there was a dwindling of holdings as more and more of their prized vineyards were agonisingly sold off to make ends meet during the lean years of the early twentieth century. Etienne’s father, Hubert de Montille took over the estate in 1947, aged just 17, by this time the domaine had just 2.5 hectares to its name. Etienne’s father knew that he had to change tack if the domaine was to survive and worked both as a vigneron and a lawyer to finance returning the estate to its former glory. Like his father, Etienne used his earnings as a lawyer to build up the domaine’s acreage, including a novel acquisition approach that in 2005 saw him acquire one of the region's finest Premier Cru sites - Vosne-Romanee Premier Cru Les Malconsorts – neighbouring the Grand Cru of La Tache.  The estate now produces over 35 cuvées from appellations throughout the Cote d’Or. Etienne talks us through the De Montille’s bumpy history, its extensive vineyard acquisition in recent years, how he learnt to make white wine from his brother-in-law (who just so happened to be Jean-Marc Roulot), as well as mapping out the different flavour profiles of his favourite sites at the heart of the domaine in Volnay and neighbouring Pommard. 
The history of the domaine 
Based in Volnay, the De Montille estate has had its fair share of ups and down. It once had one of the finest portfolios of vineyards anywhere in the Cote d’Or (including Bonnes Mares, Musigny and Amoureuses), before these famed sites were sold off to make ends meet. Hubert de Montille on taking over the estate in 1947, brought renewed fame to the domaine, being one of the first in Burgundy to domaine bottle his wines and whose Volnay 1er crus quickly became some of the finest in the appellation. At this time, 90% of all Burgundy was made and bottled by the large négociant houses.  
Whilst historic estates such as Domaine de la Romanee Conti, Georges Roumier and Armand Rousseau were bottling their own wines, it was the Marquis d’Angerville of Volnay that no doubt set a trend in the Cote de Beaune by bottling his own wine, starting in the 1930s. Marquis d’Angerville chastised the exploitation of the main negociants at the time, who in response refused to bottle his wines, forcing him to bottle them himself.  As Etienne explains the Marquis d’Angerville was an important figure in Burgundy at the time, not only setting the trend of domaine bottling in the region but also becoming one of the main instigators behind developing the AOC framework of the Cote d’Or, mapping the official boundaries of the Grand Cru and Premier Cru sites, a process that began in 1935. 
The distinct influence of Hubert de Montille 
The De Montille estate became famed for Hubert’s single-minded approach of making wines how he wanted them, austere and built for long ageing, making them fairly unapproachable in their youth. He was also known for his minimal chapitalisation, a method which he discovered accidentally by miscalculating his sugar levels on one of his cuvees in the 1959 vintage. It was only a couple of years later that he discovered how much better this cuvee aged than his other wines of the 1959 vintage and therefore adopted this approach going forward.  
Whilst, as Etienne explains, chapitalisation (the addition of sugar to the grape juice prior to fermentation to increase alcohol levels) in top estates in the modern era is very rarely adopted, it certainly didn’t harm the estate’s reputation when critics in the '90s started to raise concerns over over-chapitalisation as a worrying trend in the region.  Whilst over-chapitalisaton is rare today, the process is still adopted in the wineries when necessary. Very rarely spoken about amongst vignerons, Etienne describes it as similar to the seasoning of food. Certain cuvees in certain vineyards may benefit from a light chapitalisation or even acidification if required; two processes that remain contentious outside of Burgundy. With De Montille famed for low chapitalisation and long ageing wines, the domaine's reputation continued to grow. 
Etienne takes on the domaine 
On taking over the domaine in 1998 (following a staggering 50-year stint by his father), Etienne de Montille was an early advocate of organic farming. He continued to grow the estate, incorporating more Chardonnay vineyards to what was previously exclusively a Pinot- Noir producing domaine. Their first white wine vineyard purchase was the 1er Cru Puligny Montrachet Le Caillerat bought by Hubert in 1993. Etienne learnt how to make white wine under the guidance of his brother-in-law, who just so happened to be Jean-Marc Roulot and only helped see the domaine’s reputation grow.  Etienne recounts how Jean-Marc Roulot had a similar route to winemaking in that they both had successful careers outside of wine before returning to their family estates. Jean Marc Roulot is an actor, and was based in Paris at the same time Etienne was working as a lawyer there. Having both a separate career and being a vigneron, Etienne believes, made them both very open-minded in their second profession as winemakers and Jean-Marc Roulot was happy to share his knowledge in white wine production as well as them both being more innovative with their methods.  
Having two professions was a tradition passed down from one generation to the next of the de Montille family, with one of the siblings always working in legal services either as judges or lawyers. Etienne explains how it was in fact Hubert de Montille’s work as a lawyer looking after the estates of Monsieur Chatron that led to the acquisition of De Montille’s first chardonnay vineyard – Puligny Montrachet 1er Cru Le Caillerets – one of the finest sites in Puligny neighbouring the Grand Cru of Montrachet.  
Hubert worked as his lawyer advising him on how to pay off his inheritance fees in order to pass down the estate to the next generation. To do this he had to sell off some vines and offered Hubert to buy the Le Cailleret vineyard in Puligny to thank him for his services. Although not an experienced white winemaker, with Jean Roulot recently marrying his daughter, it seemed to be the perfect opportunity to get him on board and teach the young Etienne his white wine philosophy. 
A novel acquisition approach  
Etienne’s experience as a lawyer gave him the confidence to incorporate a novel approach to acquiring vineyards in the Cote d’Or at a time when vineyard acquisition was and remains a contentious issue for vignerons in the region. It led to Etienne successfully buying up vineyards including one of the Cote d’Or’s greatest sites: Vosne Romanee 1er Cru Malconsorts, neighbouring the Grand Cru of La Tache. Etienne explains that although his father had successfully taken his 2.5 hectares estate to 10 hectares over a 50-year period, the land prices of Burgundy were becoming too expensive for this to continue.  With the Malconsorts vineyard along with the vineyards of the Thomas Moillard domaine put up for sale, Etienne thought the opportunity was too good to miss and approached the Seysses family (Domaine Dujac) to see if they would be interested in setting up a land company, buying the land together and using minority shareholders to finance the acquisition.  
These minority shareholders would then rent out their share of the land to the two estates and were often paid back in wine. Back then, Etienne states, it was the first time ever in Burgundy that two smaller family estates had bought a larger property. Etienne pioneered the legal structure to favour the vignerons with the controlling share and it became a popular method that was copied all over Burgundy by other vignerons following their success. Etienne states “this is unlikely to happen again, land in Burgundy between now and 2005 has gone up by almost 12 times the value”.  Despite this, Etienne successfully managed another huge acquisition following the financial crash of 2008 when he purchased Domaine de Puligny Montrachet. This estate was a property he had managed ever since he returned back to Burgundy from Paris in 2001. At that time it was owned by a bank and following financial pressures of the economic crash in 2008, viewed the estate as a non-performing asset and therefore put it up for sale. Due to Etienne’s connection, he was given first refusal.  Since taking over the property in 2009 an EU law that came into practice in 2017 banned the use of an appellation name to be part of a domaine name, so since 2017, the wines under the original Chateau de Puligny Montrachet have been incorporated into the De Montille domaine, increasing their holdings to a total of 37 hectares (20 in red; 17 in white) in 35 separate appellations. 
Etienne de Montille's winemaking philosophy 
But Etienne’s skills are not only in acquisition. He was an early advocate of organic farming, practising organic principles from 2003. He also changed the style of the De Montille wines making them less austere than his father’s with his influence coming through the wines from the 1998 vintage onwards. Etienne incorporates whole bunch fermentation but varies the quantity depending on the specific terroirs.  
Identifying the nuance of each site and how much whole cluster to use is the key to his red winemaking, ranging from 20% to 100% whole bunch depending on the site. He carries out no cold soak prior to fermentation which takes place at ambient temperatures with low-level extraction, punch downs are carried out only when necessary. All wine is aged in barrel between 5% to 60% new oak depending on the site and vintage conditions, followed by a long élevage prior to bottling. The approach to white wines, under the influence of Jean-Marc Roulot’s teachings, is to be very conscious of preserving the acidic backbone of the wine providing a precise length and expression of terroir. The wine is barrel fermented followed by long élevage (12 months in barrel) and aged further on the lees in tank - 2 to 6 months with one racking. The percentage of new oak again varies depending on the specific plots, ranging from 5% to 50% new oak barrel. 
Mapping Volnay and Pommard’s Premier Crus  
Etienne states that all the top Volnay Premier Cru sites are on the middle slopes of the appellation. Whilst slightly varying in topography and exposition, Etienne believes the flavour profiles of each of the vineyards is 80% to do with the geology and topsoil of the specific vineyard, with the winemaking of each producer, the vintage variation and the exposition of the vineyards combined making up the remaining 20%.  This highlights the overwhelming terroir influence of these Premier Crus.  Volnay 1er Cru Brouillards  "This is the most accessible of our Premier Crus and what is best described as 'very Volnay'. It has all the characteristics most closely associated with the appellation – pretty red fruit, very juicy, elegant light tannins and very approachable." Volnay 1er Cru Champans "The Champans is similar to Brouillard in its fruitiness and approachability, although the tannins are firmer and slightly more structured.  "But it is a very expressive and immediate, open-style Volnay. We use two-thirds whole cluster in this cuvee."  Volnay 1er Cru Mitans  "The Mitans is the most perfumed and fragrant of the Premier Crus in Volnay. And whilst the Champans is also very expressive, the aromas of Mitans are more serious, not just fruit but mineral too. Here we use 100% whole cluster fermentation." Volnay 1er Cru Taille Pieds "This is the flagship cuvee of our estate. It is the most mineral-driven wine in Volnay. Very spicy, very stony and lots of saline character. The wine has huge depth and a very long finish.  "It is however the least open and the less approachable requiring time in bottle to develop. Even at 40 – 60 years old the wine shows beautiful combination of rose petal, earth, morrel mushroom and truffle character. The wine has so many facets to it."  Pommard 1er Cru Rugiens Bas  "This wine is a planet on its own. It has the elegance and finesse of top Volnay site but with the depth and breadth and structure more akin to top Pommard vineyards. It is Grand Cru quality and the top site in Pommard."  Pommard 1er Cu Grands Epenots "The most classic Pommard in style. Deep clay soils give the wine huge structure, sometimes can be a bit rustic to start with. Tannic, big, powerful wine." 
Pommard 1er Cru Pezerolles "This is the most Volnay-like Pommard 1er cru in the appellation despite being the furthest site away from Volnay. It is the most elegant Premier Cru of Pommard."  Nuits Saints Georges 1er Cru Aux Thorey  Etienne describes how this single vineyard site was bought in the acquisition of the Thomas Moillard domaine, along with the Malconsorts vineyard. When identifying which vineyards to buy in the sharing of the estate Etienne heard that Sylvain Cathiard considered the Aux Thorey vineyard to be amongst the best terroirs in Nuits St Georges and that was enough to persuade him of its potential. The site is certainly more Vosne in profile than Nuits Saint Georges, with fine tannins, elegant structure and beautiful perfumes similar to the vineyards of the much admired La Damodes.
 Explore more Editorial 

Etienne de Montille talks us through the De Montille’s bumpy history, its huge growth in vineyard acquisition, how he learnt to make white wine from his brother-in-law, Jean Marc Roulot, as well as mapping out the different flavour profiles of his favourite sites in Volnay and neighbouring Pommard.

Domaine de Montille is the most historic Cote d’Or estate. Etienne de Montille talks about the Volnay wine estate's bumpy history and its huge recent growth.

The Genealogy of Domaine de Montille

Domaine de Montille: The genealogy of the estate

Thomas

United States

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