The Pont des Arts project was created by Thibault Pontallier (son of Paul Pontallier, the celebrated winemaker of Château Margaux from 1983 to 2015) and Arthur de Villepin, an art curator from Paris. Both Thibault and Arthur come from high-profile backgrounds, with Arthur the son of the former French Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin. Growing up in such a prestigious and privileged environment introduced them both to the world’s most exciting artists, as well as the world’s most successful winemakers. It was this immersion in both the world of fine art and fine wine that spawned the Pont des Arts project.  “My family has been making wine for more than 500 years, and since I was a kid I have always considered winemakers to be amazing artists who are able to transform and sublimate nature into something truly special and emotional,” says Thibault. “My father used to say, ’A good wine gives you pleasure, but a great wine can give you emotion‘, and it is exactly the same for a great music, movie or painting.” Pont des Arts is very much a project to combine these two cultural worlds, producing wines made – and inspired – by artists. “A certain painting will be able to show and express the depth, the power or the finesse of a subject,” explains Thibault, “and wines can do the same thing. It is the perfect metaphor to understand the magic behind a wine.”   The project aims to position the wine as a bespoke creation. Each winemaker involved in the project has produced a wine distinct from their “normal” range, bottled exclusively for Pont des Arts.  It is then down to Thibault and Arthur to identify how the wine resonates with an artist’s work. “Arthur and I went to the artists’ ateliers, and met with the winemakers for each collection, carefully thinking about the association between each painting and each wine, and to ensure the emotions that are evoked when drinking great wine or looking at great art are intrinsically linked.”  The first collection of wines was curated in 2010 and was in fact a collaboration with Thibault and his father Paul Pontallier. They both travelled throughout France to find inspiration from their many winemaking friends around the country. “My father, a few good winemaking friends and I looked for months for the best terroirs and the best grapes, tasting more than 700 different parcels in France to realise this unique project.” The selection process for them was clear from the outset. For each wine they were looking for three main attributes: “Each wine must have a very special perfume, epitomising each appellation, a huge power hidden by elegance, and a fresh lingering finish.”   Following the success of the initial releases, their collaborations with winemakers grew. They started to work with more vignerons who shared their philosophy and whom they wanted to work with. Etienne de Montille, Rodolphe Péters (of Pierre Péters), Château la Conseillante and Nicole Rolet (of Chêne Bleu) have all made special cuvées for them. “The most important thing is that behind each collaboration is a beautiful friendship, a shared vision, love of wine and trust. We work very closely with each winemaker for every collection. Making sure everyone is part of the process and that the art and the wine complement each other perfectly,” says Thibault. “The wines themselves are works of art, so we spend a lot of time deciding on each new creation.”  The success of the project has seen winemakers entrust Pont des Arts with some very special cuvées. Giving the team amazing access to some rare Premier and Grand Cru wines from some of France’s most celebrated terroirs. With such quality the volume unsurprisingly remains very small, each cuvée exceptionally rare and becoming harder to find, “Exactly like the great pieces of art we work with,” explains Thibault. “What I love with this project is to see the excitement of the winemakers we work with, because they can create something unique and different for Pont des Arts, something different from what they were doing in the past. Our aim is to give them freedom and allow the creativity to create something unique and special.”  Perhaps Pont des Arts’s access to some of the world’s finest winemakers and terroirs is not such a surprise given the reputation of Paul Pontallier. Securing artists for the project seems more difficult, particularly with such famous artists as Piet Mondrian. While some of the artists – such as the Spain’s Miguel Barceló and French Chinse Artist Zao Wou-Ki were long-term friends of the Villepin family, for artists like Piet Mondrian, Thibault and Arthur were in touch with the estate throughout the whole process (design, production, labels etc). “They were very happy to help us develop this collection as they liked the initiative behind Pont des Arts.” Thibault is keen to convey “a message with authenticity and passion,” he tells me. “I guess the people we are collaborating with can sense that, which makes everything much easier.”  The Pont des Arts project continues to expand with some of the world’s most exciting contemporary artists and winemakers lining up to take part in new collaborations. One of the latest releases to come from Pont des Arts is a Grand Cru Blanc de Blancs from renowned winemaker Rodolphe Péters of Champagne Pierre Péters with artwork by Miquel Barceló on the label. Look out for this release early next week.  Explore more Editorial

Pont des Arts is a collaboration between artists and winemakers to promote the intricacies of fine wine production through the lens of an artist. We talk to Thibault Pontallier – son of the late Paul Pontallier – about the inspiration behind the project. 

Pont des Arts is a collaboration between artists and winemakers to promote the intricacies of fine wine production through the lens of an artist. 

Pont des Arts, winemaking as an artform 

Pont des Arts: winemaking as an artform 

I vini Reynaud sono leggendari. Pronuncia "Rayas" a una certa gente e ne svengono. Lo stile unico di questa iconica tenuta di Châteauneuf-du-Pape – pallido, inquietantemente aromatico, dalla consistenza quasi borgognona e incredibilmente longevo – ha un seguito fervente, una cerchia di appassionati di Reynaud desiderosi di scoprire tutto ciò che Emmanuel Reynaud tocca. 
Il fascino rustico della proprietà – ben lontano dai grandiosi edifici di molte tenute famose – unito alla tendenza della famiglia a rifuggire la fama, preferendo dedicarsi alla coltivazione silenziosa delle proprie vigne, ha solo alimentato il fuoco. Nascosti nella parte settentrionale di Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Ch. Rayas e i suoi proprietari sono sfuggenti, il che li rende ancora più ricercati. 
Non mancano gli elogi per questi vini rari e speciali, il cui fascino, dato l'approccio di Reynaud basato sul minimo intervento, sfiora il mondo del vino pregiato e naturale. William Kelley è un fedele sostenitore ed è uno dei tanti a sottolineare l'eccellente performance della proprietà nelle "off-millesimate", dove il profilo distintivo della proprietà traspare, al di là dell'annata e della regione, rivelando il loro "profumo accattivante, le texture sensuali e l'eterna giovinezza". Robert Parker ha descritto il Rayas del 1990 come "uno dei migliori vini rossi giovani che abbia mai assaggiato". Per Nicolas Grainacher (Vinous), "La sostanza, la finezza e l'intensità racchiuse in questi vini rendono difficile non innamorarsene". Neal Martin (Vinous) forse lo ha espresso in modo più conciso: "Dio ha inventato il vino per bere vini come questo". 
La storia dell'impero Reynaud 
Nel 1880, Albert Reynaud, notaio di Avignone, perse l'udito a soli 45 anni. Non più in grado di esercitare la professione di avvocato, acquistò una tenuta a Châteauneuf-du-Pape, in una zona chiamata Rayas, dove trascorse i suoi giorni coltivando viti, albicocche e ulivi. Nel 1910, suo figlio Louis Reynaud assunse la gestione della tenuta. Louis aveva studiato agraria ad Angers ed era particolarmente interessato alla viticoltura. Sradicò alberi per piantare nuovi vigneti e imbottigliò il primo vino della proprietà nel 1920, usando il nome "Rayas", il nome della foresta presente sul loro appezzamento di terreno. Fu l'inizio del Rayas come lo conosciamo oggi. 
Louis aggiunse notoriamente la dicitura "Premier Grand Cru" alle etichette del Rayas, una classificazione autoproclamata del vino, sfidando notoriamente le regole della denominazione (introdotte nel 1936). Conquistando la reputazione e le vendite della proprietà, iniziò a espandere l'attività. Tra il 1935 e il 1938 acquistò Ch. des Tours a Vacqueyras, affidando al figlio Bertrand la proprietà più ampia di 58 ettari a nord-est di Châteauneuf-du-Pape, non lontano dalla città di Orange. Più o meno nello stesso periodo, costruì una nuova cantina e una nuova cantina a Rayas, portando gli edifici entro i confini della denominazione. Dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale, nel 1945, Louis acquistò Ch. de Fonsalette, una tenuta più a nord di Orange, a Lagarde-Paréol, e con essa l'intera gamma di proprietà Reynaud era già disponibile. 
Quando Louis morì nel 1978, i vini Reynaud erano tra i più famosi del Rodano. Dopo la sua morte, il figlio minore Jacques rilevò Rayas e Fonsalette, mentre Bertrand continuò a gestire Ch. des Tours. Con il cambio di proprietà a Rayas e Fonsalette, la qualità diminuì leggermente, ma presto Jacques iniziò a produrre vini all'altezza del nome Reynaud. 
Le vecchie vigne di Rayas, piantate su terreni sabbiosi, esposte a nord/nord-est, circondate da una pineta, producono vini di eccezionale eleganza e finezza aromatica, vini dal profumo ammaliante, dal colore pallido e dalla delicatezza quasi da Pinot, ma con una persistenza e una longevità fenomenali. 
Jacques era noto per la sua eccentricità. Recluso, felice tra le vigne e mai incline ad accogliere visitatori, si diceva che a volte si nascondesse in un fosso per evitare giornalisti o altri addetti ai lavori. La sua avversione per la ribalta non fece che accrescere il fascino dei vini. Morì piuttosto improvvisamente nel 1997, mentre faceva shopping di scarpe a Courthézon. Non avendo figli, suo nipote Emmanuel, figlio di Bertrand, che fino a quel momento aveva gestito Ch. des Tours dal 1989, ereditò sia Rayas che Fonsalette, prendendo le redini di tutte e tre le proprietà. 
La transizione tra Jacques ed Emmanuel non fu graduale, poiché Emmanuel ristrutturò la tenuta e ripiantò parti del sito, ma all'inizio degli anni 2000 la qualità era di nuovo all'altezza del nome Reynaud. Lo stile è cambiato tra le generazioni e, mentre i vini di Jacques erano più strutturati e solidi, Emmanuel predilige espressioni più sensuali e profumate. Negli ultimi due decenni, poco è cambiato nelle proprietà Reynaud: lo status mitico dei vini si è confermato solo con ogni nuova uscita. La nuova generazione, i figli di Emmanuel, Louis Damien e Benoît, è già coinvolta, pronta a continuare l'eredità di famiglia. La filosofia Reynaud 
L'approccio di Reynaud è vecchio stile: qui regna la tradizione. La monocoltura moderna non è il metodo – con varie colture in tutto il tenute e biodiversità alimentata da ampie fasce boschive. Le viti – tutte ad alberello, molte con un'età significativa – sono coltivate esattamente come sono sempre state, biologicamente con input minimi, arate a cavallo. 
L'uva è tutta raccolta a mano, i grappoli interi fermentano con lieviti indigeni in vasche di cemento. Da quando Emmanuel ha preso in mano la situazione, le parcelle sono state vinificate separatamente. Le macerazioni sono delicate, generalmente inferiori alle due settimane con un singolo rimontaggio al giorno. L'invecchiamento avviene in grandi botti di rovere vecchio, senza l'utilizzo di legno nuovo in nessuna delle proprietà – anzi, il demi-muid o foudre più giovane della tenuta potrebbe avere ben 30 anni. Le aggiunte di solforosa sono minime, con solo una piccola quantità durante la fermentazione e un'aggiunta finale all'imbottigliamento, con i vini imbottigliati senza chiarifica e senza filtrazione. Il metodo è la massima semplicità, incentrato sull'espressione di ogni sito – e i risultati parlano da soli. Le cantine sono rustici edifici agricoli, che offrono solo i requisiti di base, senza l'impiego di tecnologie moderne e, visti i vini prodotti, non necessarie. 
Il Grenache è il cuore di tutti i vini Reynaud: l'uva che prospera nel loro terroir ed è la magia del Rayas. Oltre al Rayas, il Cinsault viene utilizzato per conferire eleganza e morbidezza, mentre il Syrah è stato a lungo evitato, utilizzato solo a Ch. de Fonsalette. Louis Reynaud credeva che la varietà fosse originaria del Rodano settentrionale e, a parte la piccola porzione che arrivava nelle Côtes du Rhône, il resto del Syrah veniva venduto in grandi quantità sotto il suo regno (spesso ai ristoranti locali, che lo usavano nelle loro salse). La cuvée Côtes du Rhône Syrah fu introdotta solo sotto la guida di Jacques Reynaud, inizialmente venduta ai ristoranti che ne avevano apprezzato la qualità nelle loro salse. Non c'è Mourvèdre in nessuna delle tenute, con Emmanuel Reynaud che ritiene che i loro terreni siano troppo asciutti per l'uva. I vini e le tenute Reynaud 
La famiglia Reynaud comprende tre tenute distinte: Rayas, Fonsalette e Ch. des Tours, sebbene Fonsalette non abbia una propria cantina. 
Ch. Rayas 
Rayas è la tenuta originale dei Reynaud, acquistata nel 1880, e prende il nome dal clima. Nella parte settentrionale di Châteauneuf-du-Pape si trovano i 12 ettari di vigneti, circondati da 11 ettari di foresta. Dimenticate i tipici galets roulés o pudding stones della regione, noti per la loro capacità di trattenere il calore: Rayas sorge su terreni rossi, ricchi di ferro e sabbiosi, su terreni argillosi più ricchi. I terreni sono poveri e le viti ad alberello sono piantate a bassa densità, con appena 2.500 ceppi per ettaro, con una resa di appena 10-20 hl/ha. Negli anni '80 sono stati effettuati significativi reimpianti, il che significa che le viti hanno ora un'età media di 40 anni, sebbene vi siano ancora alcuni esemplari sopravvissuti dagli anni '40. 
L'esposizione a nord del sito si combina con l'influenza delle aree boschive, offrendo ombra e umidità, prolungando la stagione vegetativa e preservando la freschezza dei vini. I Reynaud sono tra gli ultimi a vendemmiare, spesso solo a ottobre/novembre, fino a due mesi dopo i loro vicini. I vini che ne derivano, tuttavia, non sono caratterizzati da una maturazione intensa, ma da eleganza e finezza. 
Mentre Châteauneuf consente 13 varietà rosse, a Rayas troverete solo Grenache Noir, con due ettari dedicati alle uve bianche: Grenache Blanc e Clairette. I vigneti di Grenache possono essere suddivisi in tre sezioni: Le Levant, Le Coeur e Le Couchant, ciascuna delle quali prende il nome dalla sua esposizione al sole, rispettivamente all'alba, al culmine e al tramonto. Scrivendo per The World of Fine Wine, William Kelley descrive così le tre componenti del vigneto: "Le Levant è il più floreale ed etereo, e contribuisce alla spina dorsale del vino; Le Coeur è il più completo, e contribuisce allo scheletro del Rayas; e Le Couchant, con i suoi toni fruttati più ricchi e simili a una composta, apporta la parte grassa". 
Tutta la raccolta avviene a mano. Il Grenache viene mantenuto sui raspi, i grappoli interi vengono pigiati prima di una delicata macerazione per un massimo di due settimane (un rimontaggio al giorno) e della fermentazione con lieviti indigeni. Il vino viene pressato e invecchiato in vecchie botti di rovere per poco meno di due anni.
La delicatezza e la finezza del vino che ne deriva ricordano la Borgogna più pregiata. Di colore pallido, il Rayas è profondamente aromatico, con incantevoli note floreali e una consistenza eterea e setosa che bilancia l'intensità terrosa e sapida del vino. Ogni anno vengono prodotte tra le 1.200 e le 1.500 casse del fiore all'occhiello Châteauneuf-du-Pape. I vini invecchiano magnificamente e lo stesso Emmanuel consiglia di attendere 20-25 anni prima di aprire una bottiglia di Rayas per apprezzarne appieno l'evoluzione. 
Le uve bianche sono piantate in tre parcelle a Le Levant, che comprendono due ettari. Il Grenache Blanc è stato piantato negli anni '40, '50 e '95, mentre il Clairette è stato piantato nel 1986. Fermentato in vecchi foudre (da 80 a 100 anni), acquistati di seconda mano da Louis Reynaud (nonno di Emmanuel), il Rayas Blanc è un blend 50:50 di Grenache Blanc e Clairette, invecchiato in vecchie botti di rovere per circa 11 mesi. Il vino è prodotto in volumi estremamente limitati, con solo circa 400 casse prodotte per ogni annata. Ricco ma equilibrato, questo raro bianco è immensamente profumato con note di mandorla e fiori bianchi, intensamente minerale e strutturato, e può invecchiare per almeno un decennio. 
Il Pignan è talvolta considerato un "secondo vino" a Rayas, ma in realtà proviene da un sito specifico della tenuta, un unico appezzamento di due ettari circondato da pini sul confine settentrionale della proprietà con terreni meno sabbiosi. Anche il Grenache in purezza, prodotto esattamente allo stesso modo a Rayas, offre un'espressione più immediata e accessibile dello stile Rayas, pur mantenendo profumi, purezza e struttura simili, ed è comunque in grado di invecchiare a lungo. Può, a volte, e soprattutto nelle annate più fresche, rivaleggiare con il suo fratello maggiore, Rayas. Ogni anno vengono prodotte circa 650 casse. 
I vini Rayas vengono tutti commercializzati solo al momento del loro ingresso nella finestra di consumo, mentre i rossi spesso escono dalla tenuta solo oltre un decennio dopo la vendemmia. 
Ch. de Fonsalette 
L'"ultima" aggiunta alla galassia Reynaud, Ch. de Fonsalette fu acquistata da Louis Reynaud nel 1945. La proprietà è ampia, con una superficie totale di 120 ettari, ma con 12 ettari di vigneti tra boschi, terreni agricoli e uliveti, a nord di Orange, a Lagarde-Paréol. Oggi rientra in gran parte nella denominazione Côtes du Rhône Villages Massif d'Uchaux (istituita nel 2005), tuttavia i vini sono tutti etichettati come Côtes du Rhône. Più a nord, il microclima è più fresco rispetto a Rayas e, stilisticamente, i vini sono più sobri di quelli di Ch. des Tours, ad esempio, ma non così eterei come quelli di Rayas. 
I terreni qui sono molto diversi da quelli di Rayas, con ghiaia, sabbia e puddinga rossa. I vigneti sono coltivati ​​a Grenache, Cinsault e Syrah per i rossi, e a Grenache Blanc, Clairette e Marsanne per i bianchi. Le viti sono generalmente vecchie, con la più vecchia piantata nel 1929. 
La filosofia in vigna e in cantina è esattamente la stessa di Rayas e, poiché la proprietà non dispone di una cantina propria, anche i vini vengono prodotti a Rayas. I rossi sono fermentati a grappolo intero, con una macerazione massima di due settimane e un rimontaggio al giorno. I vini vengono affinati in una combinazione di vasche smaltate e grandi botti di rovere vecchio, per poi essere imbottigliati circa un anno dopo. 
La gamma di Ch. de Fonsalette comprende tre vini. Il Côtes du Rhône Rouge è un blend di 50% Grenache, 35% Cinsault e 15% Syrah, la cui elevata percentuale di Cinsault conferisce al vino una particolare intensità e finezza aromatica: un vino che sussurra e cattura. Esiste un secondo rosso, un Côtes du Rhône Syrah, 100% Syrah, un vino strutturato, dai profumi fruttati scuri, che offre una potenza contenuta e una profondità discreta. Sotto la direzione di Louis Reynaud, questo vino veniva venduto sfuso, imbottigliato solo per la prima volta sotto la direzione di Jacques Reynaud (a partire dal 1978) e venduto localmente, principalmente ai ristoranti, prima di essere offerto più ampiamente sotto la direzione di Emmanuel. Il Côtes du Rhône Blanc è un blend di 80% Grenache Blanc, 10% Clairette e 10% Marsanne, che produce un bianco strutturato e complesso, con note di frutta a nocciolo ed erbe aromatiche e un retrogusto salino. 
La Pialade 
Questo vino rappresenta una piccola anomalia nella gamma Reynaud. Prodotto solo in alcune annate, La Pialade Côtes du Rhône è vinificato e invecchiato a Rayas, con parcelle declassate provenienti da Rayas o Ch. de Fonsalette. L'assemblaggio è tipicamente composto da 85% Grenache, 15% Cinsault e 5% Syrah. Prodotto in piccole quantità, e ancora più raro dato che non viene prodotto ogni anno, è spesso descritto come un "Rayas quotidiano" – più aperto nello stile, ma può eguagliare il Rayas per sottigliezza e delicatezza, anche se non ha la stessa profondità. 
Ch. des Tours 
Acquistato da Louis Reynaud alla fine degli anni '30, Ch. Château des Tours è la tenuta di origine di Emmanuel Reynaud, che ne ha preso in carico la gestione dal padre Bertrand nel 1989. Affidata a Bertrand fin dall'inizio e mai gestita da Jacques Reynaud, la tenuta si è sempre distinta da Château Rayas e Château de Fonsalette, sebbene tutti e tre siano sotto la guida di Emmanuel dal 1997. Benoît, figlio di Emmanuel, che ha studiato enologia in Svizzera, ha recentemente assunto la guida di Château des Tours, lavorando a stretto contatto con il padre. 
La proprietà prende il nome dalle torri o tour che incorniciano l'edificio del castello. Situata a Vacqueyras, non lontano da Orange e a nord-est di Châteauneuf, si estende su 40 ettari, coltivati ​​a cereali e ulivi, oltre che a uva. Essendo stata a lungo gestita separatamente, la proprietà dispone di una propria cantina. Sebbene la filosofia Reynaud sia comune a tutte e tre le tenute, i vini di Château des Tours sono... des Tours sono stilisticamente distintivi, offrendo più struttura, potenza e intensità rispetto allo stile più sottile, intenso e profumato di Rayas e Fonsalette. La vinificazione è in gran parte simile a quella di Rayas e Fonsalette, con fermentazione in cemento e maturazione in vecchie botti di rovere. Sebbene le uve rosse siano per lo più fermentate a grappolo intero, questa è l'unica proprietà in cui piccole porzioni vengono diraspate. La gamma è più complessa a Ch. des Tours con una selezione di vini imbottigliati con il marchio Ch. des Tours, alcuni con il marchio Domaine des Tours e un rosé prodotto con l'etichetta Parisy. Ci sono cinque vini con l'etichetta Ch. des Tours: Vacqueyras: un blend di 80% Grenache e 20% Syrah, un vino strutturato e potente prodotto esclusivamente dalle viti più vecchie della tenuta. Côtes du Rhône Rouge: un blend di 65% Grenache, 20% Syrah e 15% Cinsault, un rosso morbido e succoso, ricco di frutta e spezie. Côtes du Rhône Rouge Grande Réserve: Prodotto solo in annate specifiche, questo è di fatto il Vacqueyras declassato quando non c'è abbastanza colore - prodotto nel 2002, 2014 e 2015. Côtes du Rhône Blanc: Prodotto in volumi molto limitati, questo bianco è 100% Grenache Blanc - un vino floreale e strutturato che vale la pena provare. Côtes du Rhône Blanc Grande Réserve: Prodotto solo in annate specifiche, questo non è un imbottigliamento declassato (come il suo fratello rosso), ma un imbottigliamento speciale dei migliori Clairette e Grenache Blanc della proprietà. Il vino 50% Grenache Blanc, 50% Clairette è stato prodotto nel 2003, 2014 e 2015. L'etichetta Domaine des Tours proviene interamente da Ch. des Tours, tuttavia, è un progetto leggermente separato, che offre generalmente vini più accessibili, quasi tutti etichettati come IGP o Vin de Pays. Ci sono quattro vini sotto l'etichetta: Vin de Pays de Vaucluse Rouge: Si tratta di un blend profondamente espressivo di Grenache, Counoise, Syrah, Cinsault, Merlot e una miriade di altre varietà. Vin de Pays de Vaucluse Merlot: Questo 100% Merlot proviene dai terreni argillosi più ricchi della proprietà, producendo un vino più opulento ed esuberante. Vin de Pays de Vaucluse Merlot-Syrah: Un blend di Merlot e Syrah, che varia a seconda dell'annata, è un vino concentrato che unisce la generosità del Merlot con la speziatura del Syrah. Vin de Pays de Vaucluse Clairette: Questo 100% Clairette è puro e fresco, guidato dalla mineralità. Con la sua etichetta propria c'è Les Tours Grenache Blanc, un 100% Grenache Blanc ricco, maturo e generoso, ricco di frutta a nocciolo, imbottigliato sotto la denominazione Vaucluse. L'ultimo vino di Ch. des Tours è il Parisy rosé, un Grenache/Cinsault Vin de Table secco e delicato, pensato per il consumo quotidiano. Le etichette stesse non specificano l'annata, con queste informazioni visibili solo sulla cassa di cartone. Quali vini Reynaud sono prodotti e dove? Ch. Rayas, Pignan, Ch. de Fonsalette e Pialade sono tutti prodotti a Rayas Ch. des Tours, Domaine des Tours, Les Tours Grenache Blanc e Parisy sono tutti prodotti a Ch. des Tours.

Pochi vini possono vantare lo status di culto del Rayas, un vino che si distingue a Châteauneuf-du-Pape. Qui, offriamo una guida essenziale ai vini prodotti dalla famiglia Reynaud nel Rodano: Rayas, naturalmente, ma anche quelli di Château de Fonsalette e Château des Tours.

Everything you need to know about the wines made by Emmanuel Reynaud – Rayas, Pignan, Chateau de Fonsalette, Chateau and Domaine des Tours, and Parisy  

Guide to Rayas, Fonsalette and Des Tours – the Reynaud wines

Tutto quello che devi sapere su Rayas

Situata nel cuore della Côte d’Or, la collina di Corton domina il paesaggio, ma i suoi vini, soprattutto i bianchi, sono spesso sottovalutati. Abbiamo incontrato i principali produttori della zona per esplorarne il pedigree e il potenziale, tra vini potenti e di grande longevità.

Discover the pedigree and potential of the hill of Corton’s whites – the fine Chardonnay from Corton-Charlemagne, Charlemagne and Corton Blanc 

Exploring Corton-Charlemagne, Charlemagne and Corton Blanc 

Corton-Charlemagne: il Grand Cru del futuro?

BURGUNDY 2021: THE GROWING SEASON After three warm years, 2021 marked a return to the sort of weather traditionally associated with Burgundy – and all its challenges.  The winter was warm and wet – “too warm”, Frédéric Weber at Bouchard told us. He remembers finishing pruning in just a t-shirt in March. The vines started growing enthusiastically, with early budbreak, only to be struck by a cold spell at the beginning of April – as frost struck the whole of France. The nights of 6th, 7th and 8th April were devastating, especially 7th. Temperatures dropped to -8˚C in places – temperatures at which candles, helicopters and wine machines could offer little help.  
Images of the Côte de Beaune littered with a milky way of candles filled social media, and vignerons could do little but pray. For the early-budding Chardonnay, 80% losses were normal, with some producers in Chablis losing everything. The humid conditions, with snow falling, made matters worse – unusually this combination means that lower-lying village sites were less impacted than the Grands Crus (higher up-slope, where more snow fell). Indeed, if producers had lit candles (or “bougies”), the warmth melted the snow, which then froze and the buds were burnt by the morning sun – cruel retribution for trying to protect their livelihood. This severe, black frost (“le gel advectif”, as Florence Heresztyn explained) was savage – caused by a mass of cold air from Siberia. Chardonnay (and therefore especially the Côte de Beaune) was impacted more, as were any earlier-ripening Pinot Noir sites, such as Cazetiers or Combe au Moine. Candles can normally only increase the temperature by 2˚C, however some producers noted how a collective effort could make a difference – with a high-density of candles concentrated on an area. Erwan Faiveley had installed electric wires in their Bâtard-Montrachet and Bienvenue-Bâtard-Montrachet, as used previously in Chablis, which saved their crop in these plots, but other parcels were devastated. As Thibault Gagey of Louis Jadot noted, late pruning could help; one of their long-term growers in Bâtard-Montrachet pruned late and got a better crop, but the damage was still significant. David Duband reported how he also had issues in April with caterpillars which munched on the nascent buds. He had to hire five additional workers for a week to battle their hungry attack. The cold weather continued, with May cold and cloudy. Flowering at Bouchard began on 16th June, in wet and mild conditions that were perfect for oidium (powdery mildew) and downy mildew. Because the weather was so wet, mud prevented tractor access and at Bouchard they hired more people to spray by hand – a luxury not everyone could afford. Producers across the region spent their weekends during the summer spraying their vines when they could, with the disease pressure a particular challenge to anyone working organically or biodynamically. Edouard Confuron estimated he had sprayed four or five times more than in a normal year. There was some localised hail, with a storm in June causing damage in the north of Gevrey-Chambertin, especially in Les Champeaux, said Pierre Duroché and Olivier Bernstein.  
With the wet and cooler conditions, deleafing was important to open up the canopy, reducing disease pressure and exposing the fruit to much-needed sunshine. At Olivier Bernstein, Richard Séguin explained how they deleafed the fruiting zone and kept just one or two bunches per vine, removing any green bunches that remained at mid-véraison.  September saved the vintage, with warm, sunny and mostly dry conditions. With the tiny volumes, this was enough to ripen the fruit – Jacques Devauges at Domaine des Lambrays described it as Mother Nature evening the score, making up for what she’d taken in April.  Harvest dates varied quite significantly – starting from 10th September through to early October. Rain fell on 19th and 20th September, and producers were often divided between picking before and after this date. Generally producers started with Pinot Noir, then moved onto the Chardonnay, and dates were around a month later than in 2020. Jean-Marie Fourrier felt it was important to wait for phenolic maturity – which only arrived after the rain, and Erwan Faiveley argued that it was essential to wait for the dilution from the rain to pass before picking. Given the low yields, the harvest was often shorter – simply because there wasn’t much fruit.  Selection was essential – making a small crop even smaller – but there was some beautiful fruit of both colours. Yields varied, with losses between 50 and 80% – and some parcels (especially of Chardonnay) were blended together due to the tiny volumes at play. BURGUNDY 2021: THE WHITE WINES 
There’s no doubt amongst producers – or tasters – that this is an excellent vintage for Chardonnay. Production levels are laughable – with often the lowest yields they’ve ever seen, at a mere 20% of their normal crop – but the quality goes some small way to making up for the loss. The small crop (reduced by the harsh April frost) had a long season to slowly ripen, developing intense levels of concentration, yet – with cooler conditions than 2018, 2019 or 2020 – retaining amazing freshness and acidity. With the wet summer, disease was an issue: Erwan Faiveley described oidium as “exploding” on the Chardonnay (with levels not seen since 2004). Extensive sorting was essential. He also felt it was necessary to fine with bentonite after pressing to ensure the must was clean; similarly at Bouchard, Frédéric Weber didn’t use the very first free-run and inoculated fermentations this year to ensure they ran smoothly. Others, such as Philippe Abadie at Alvina Pernot and Paul Pernot, emphasised how important it was not to over-press. Most wines were chaptalised this year, often just to bring up 0.5%, with the final alcohol levels sitting between 12.5 and 13.5%.  Guillaume Boillot at Henri Boillot – who has produced a stunning range of wines – describes the whites as “salin”, having “belle matière”. Vibrant and pure, these are tightly wound with cool, white-fleshed fruit character, sometimes with tropical richness, often a mineral, saline thread and piercing acidity.  Due to the tiny volumes produced, oak usage varies this year. Boillot used none, but others have slightly more in the blend – feeling it didn’t need the freshness added by components aged in stainless steel. For Jadot, it was the first year that they used exclusively foudres, the larger barrels reducing the flavour impact of oak on the wine. Erwan Faiveley believes that tasting the whites, you can feel “the struggle in them”, that the vines suffered. Tasting through the exceptional Grands Crus he’s produced, however, it’s hard to see this – and perhaps he’s biased by the challenges of working the vines and crafting the wines in 2021. Comparisons are hard for such a unique year, but 2014 and 2017 were common themes, largely due to the high acidity, quality and ageing potential. Philippe Abadie and Alvina Pernot described it as “classic bourguignon”, while Thibault Gagey at Louis Jadot compared the year to 2011 or 2013, although feels the wines are better than those of the latter vintage. Faiveley points to 2007 – a vintage that has never shut down or, for him, disappointed; for Boillot they’re closest to 2016, but more precise. At Bouchard, Weber is so excited by their potential that he plans to keep them in barrel longer – possibly bottling in July 2023. These are really exciting wines – with a vibrancy and energy that is compelling. The cool and mineral classicism here, with great fruit concentration and balance, should age beautifully. 
Read our full report on Chablis 2021

 BURGUNDY 2021: THE RED WINES 
While there is a clear consensus on the 2021 whites, the reds are more varied in the vintage – but much better than we initially thought. The wines have clearly benefited from additional time in barrel, and most addresses have crafted a flight of elegant, pale-coloured and light-bodied Pinot Noirs. Although there are a few, rare examples of dilute or overly lean wines, this is in the main a return to “old school” Burgundy, with wines of perfume rather than power. The volumes are more generous than for the Chardonnay, but still measly, mostly sitting between 30 and 50% of a normal year’s yield. 
Frédéric Weber at Bouchard felt there were two styles of Pinot Noir in 2021: those from plots not damaged by frost, with normal yields but grapes with thin, fragile skins, prone to grey rot. The fruit from frost-hit sites, meanwhile, came with lower yields, thicker skins and less disease – for the latter he preferred to harvest later, with their higher tannin levels.  
Jean-Marie Fourrier noted that the picking date for Pinot Noir was key, worrying that anyone harvesting before the rain on 19th/20th was playing a risky game when it came to phenolic maturity and might have unripe tannins and vegetal notes.  
In general, Florence Heresztyn of Heresztyn-Mazzini felt it was a vintage, like 2012 or 2013, where producers needed to be attentive and precise at every stage – from the vineyard to winery. Sorting was essential and almost every producer chaptalised – largely used to prolong the alcohol fermentation rather than with the sole purpose of increasing the alcohol level. 

 Beyond this, tactics in the winery were varied – with vignerons often taking opposite approaches. Some producers, such as Bouchard, opted for more whole-bunch fermentation. Winemaker Frédéric Weber explained that the stems were so beautiful that he was happy to include 30-50% on average; the potassium also helped reduce the acidity of the wines, giving – he felt – a better expression of the year. 
The opposite was true of many, including Benoît Stehly at Georges Lignier and Hugues Pavelot. At Olivier Bernstein, the team used 30-40%, much less than in a warmer vintage, as they didn’t feel additional freshness was required, nor were the stems sufficiently lignified; similarly Heresztyn-Mazzini used 30-60% rather than 50-100% to avoid any greenness. While Jean-Marie Fourrier de-stems everything, in 2019 and 2020 he added the stems back into ferments for freshness, but didn’t feel it was necessary in 2021. 
When it came to extraction, the approach was similarly broad. Some felt it was a year to be more delicate, others thought it was a year that required more work to extract the colour and tannin that was in the grapes.  
Maxime Cheurlin at Domaine Georges Noëllat used a warmer – and therefore shorter – fermentation (sustaining 33-34˚C, versus 31˚C normally) to build the mid-palate of the wines. Charles van Canneyt had to buy smaller tanks for the miniscule yields, but the tiny tanks therefore fermented more quickly and he was careful to keep maceration short to avoid risking over-extraction. Similarly, Olivier Bernstein was keen to keep the fermentation short, with a five-day cold soak to extract colour and aromatics, then just 13 additional days on skins before the must was pressed – the fermentation finishing off the skins. 
By contrast, Fourrier opted for more extraction to get everything possible from the fruit. Guillaume Boillot echoed this view, with an additional week of skin contact. He used just pumping over rather than punching down to focus on fruit and aromatics rather than tannin; but at Faiveley, Erwan used more punching down than pumping over. 
Some producers highlighted that the grapes had high levels of malic acid (which has been notably low in recent, solar vintages), meaning that malolactic fermentation had a significant impact on the wines. Both Benoît Stehly and Charles van Canneyt noted how they were verging on severe at first, but after malolactic were open and fruity – totally changing in style. On paper, the pH is quite high for some wines (up to 3.7) – yet there is plenty of freshness, the lighter body and lower alcohol (mostly 13-13.5%) perhaps balancing it out.  
For élevage, some winemakers feel the wines need longer or shorter élevage, or different types of oak, with more or less new or different toasting. Nicolas Potel at Domaine and Maison Roche de Bellene feels that the crunchy character of the Pinot Noir will only be enhanced by a longer maturation in barrel (planning for 24 months versus the normal 12). Boillot opted for no new oak (as for his whites), feeling it would mark the fruit too much; while Maxime Cheurlin used less new oak but higher toast levels to add further complexity – and plans to bottle the wines earlier.  For Domaine Joblot, they felt that more new oak helped round out the lighter wines, using 50% new. At Domaine des Lambrays, Jacques Devauges favoured a slow, gentle toast – a "chauffe blonde" that gives the scent of freshly baked bread. Indeed, Devauges feels the wines have been improving significantly in barrel, offering more concentration and aromatics with each month that passes – something that reminds him of the 2010 vintage. 




Frédéric Weber at Bouchard describes 2021 as “charming”, comparing the wines to those of 2017, with good terroir definition and balance at 13-13.5% – more in line with what used to be “normal” for the region.  Thibault Gagey at Jadot pointed to 2004, 2013 or 2017 as possible similar vintages, but finds it hard to compare – it’s old school but approachable. Marion Raphet added 2014 into the mix, and although the wines are incredibly open now, wonders if they might shut down in bottle. For her, however, it is a year where, “On retrouve la typicité” (they rediscovered Burgundy’s typicity). The team at Tortochot pointed to 2011 or 2001, while Erwan Faiveley looked to 2007 and Florence Heresztyn noted the growing season was reminiscent of 2016.  
Maxime Chuerlin looks further back, feeling it has a similar equilibrium, colour and density to the outstanding 1991 vintage – in no doubt that the balance of the wines will allow them to age. While it’s easy to assume that these paler Burgundies might not be the longest-lived, almost every producer anticipates that 2021 will surprise everyone with its ageability – especially for the top wines. 
Almost every single grower we spoke to used a different approach for the 2021 vintage – but almost all have succeeded, producing vibrant, open and pretty Pinot Noir. It is a year in which careful vignerons could craft exceptional wines that were both light-bodied, yet persistent – with a purity and intensity that is surprising, along with captivating aromatics. As Nicole Lamarche said, “You can have both lightness and concentration.” It is, overall, a year that has surpassed expectations – one that was transformed by producers’ dedication, work in the vineyard, and modern technology and know-how in the winery.
 BURGUNDY 2021 IN BRIEF An extremely challenging growing season, with April frost and high disease pressure over the summer Yields were drastically reduced by between 50 and 80%  The whites are superb – concentrated, high-acid with minerality and cooler fruit tones The reds are a little more varied, but the best are elegant, charming, pale and light-bodied – yet with impressive intensity and freshness A handful of wines are a little dilute or lean, but all the best vignerons crafted superb wines Alcohol levels are more traditional for the region, mostly between 12 and 13%, with little above 13.5% The best wines of both colours will age well, but the reds in particular will be approachable in their youth Producers used different approaches to handle the year’s challenges The most common vintage comparisons are to 2014 and 2017, but include a wide range of other years 

Over two separate trips, our team delved into the 2021 vintage – visiting, tasting with and talking to a wide range of producers up and down the Côte d’Or. The vintage was complicated – but Burgundy’s vignerons have crafted some exceptional wines. We dig into everything you need to know

Everything you need to know about Burgundy 2021: our report on the growing season, how the region’s best winemakers handled it and what the wines are like

Burgundy 2021 full vintage report

Burgundy 2021: a wine-grower’s vintage

Burgundy expert Jasper Morris MW has had his finger on the region’s wine pulse for several decades. Especially for FONDATA, he profiles eight domaines to watch, producers that are bringing vital energy and fresh winemaking talent to the celebrated wine region 

Jasper Morris MW on eight of Burgundy’s most exciting domaines – including Eleni & Edouard Vocoret, Chantereves, Alvina Pernot and more 

The new Burgundians – Jasper Morris MW 

The new Burgundians

Based in the village of Morey St Denis, the domaine is today run by the ever-thoughtful
Benoit Stehly, the great grandson of Georges Lignier, who has been in charge of
the property since 2007.  It remains one of the great value domaines in the Cote de Nuits and the wines are undoubtedly the top-value picks from these top sites in 2018.  This week we met with Benoit in London for a second look at his 2018s, following our initial autumn tasting at the domaine. The times are changing Benoit’s honest approach to his viticulture, his confidence to experiment and his continual
strive towards creating “thought-provoking” rather than “perfect” wines, always makes for an inspiring visit. He is not one to shy away from making changes in the vineyard in accordance with the
undeniable rise in temperatures over the last decade in Burgundy. Warm vintages are becoming commonplace and therefore he thinks a fresh approach is required to make the most of it.  Benoit is unique in Morey in keeping a permanent grass cover in the vineyard creating competition with the vines and forcing deeper root systems. It also serves to increase humidity, off-setting the heat of a hot vintage and slowing down the ripening, thus retaining freshness and protecting against the grapes cooking on the vine.  It also protects against erosion as well as creating more biodiversity in the soils. Others in Morey have since tried and failed with the same technique and this he believes was down to his own luck. First planting the grass in 2012 he was fortunate to have had three consecutively wet springs that enabled the roots to bed in. His neighbours who have since tried have seen much drier Springs in 2014, ’15, 16, ’17 and not been able to maintain them. 
In a warmer vintage like 2018, Benoit looked to similar steps he took in 2015 to best deal
with the heat. He has thrown out the rule book of picking 100 days after flowering, knowing that in vintages like these the grapes ripen much quicker.  “Two distinct style changes today exist in Burgundian Pinot Noir due to climate
change”  Benoit believes the very real effects of climate change has seen two quite different
styles develop in the Cote du Nuits and in recent vintages this has only become further
exacerbated by ever warmer summers. According to Benoit, about a third of Burgundy producers, typically the younger (or at least younger-spirited vignerons), of which he includes himself, are picking on freshness. The older generation continue to pick on ripeness – governed by the general rule of picking 100 days after flowering.  Both styles have their advantages, picking later gives you fully developed aromatic
complexity but with the risk of escalating alcohol levels and less freshness. Benoit prefers to pick on freshness, retaining “classical” alcohol levels – between 13.2 – 13.6% abv and terroir specificity, whilst avoiding what he believes is over-ripeness in the fruit flavours. The risk seems to of paid off with his 2018s.  The French government no longer calls the shots in a warmer Burgundy Picking times were regulated by the French government in Burgundy up until 2005. The
practice was discontinued following the disastrous timing by the government during the very hot 2003 vintage in which they only allowed picking to start in September (too late for many). The delay was due to government officials unable to declare until they returned from their summer holidays. Many vignerons broke the law to save their crop, others were not so lucky. Following the outcry, the government in 2004 declared that producers could pick from August 1st, effectively making their declaration pointless. Ever since, the practice has
been discontinued. However, as Benoit explains, many vignerons had become reliant on officials to tell them when to pick, rather than making their own judgements. Abandoning the declaration exposed all the vignerons that had little understanding on when was the right time to pick. It also further debunked the now outdated notion that you pick 100 days after flowering. A fresh approach 
Many of Benoit’s neighbours, even in 2018, were still picking 100 days after flowering and in his opinion were producing overripe wines with huge alcohol levels. For Benoit, Burgundy over 14% abv loses its typicity and sense of place. He states how Burgundy has always been one of the coolest regions in the world to produce Pinot Noir, and in the past the leaner, difficult vintages were all too common.  Climate change has produced warmer, riper vintages which according to Benoit has at least given the vigneron more choice in the style of wine they want to produce. With the warmer weather, one can either opt for a fresher style or a riper style and this comes down to choice of when to pick.  For Benoit, the picking time is the key factor to get right and remains the most stressful time
of the year. With high temperatures and a persistent drying wind at harvest, picking times in 2018 had never been more important. Picking just five days later saw the alcohol level rise by 1%. Fortunately, Benoit was one of the first out in the Morey St Denis vineyards beginning to pick from the 5th September, with all the grapes in within 10 days, starting with his Grand Crus and ending with his coolest Village sites. The 2018 wines Chambolle Musigny 2018 The oldest vines dating back to the 1930s gives this village wine plenty of personality coming from two plots north of the Chambolle village whose soils are rich in iron. The wine has wild floral aromas and light mineral ferric notes with silk-like melted tannins. The purity of fruit on the palate is fantastic with great mid palate weight and expansive breadth. This is excellent
quality for village level. 
Morey St Denis 1er Cru 2018 Bright translucent purple colour with perfumed notes of violets, wildflowers and red berries. The palate has a lovely spectrum of fruit from vibrant crunchy blackberry fruit to more candied red cherry and cassis. This interplays with a more Morey-esque savoury tone of fresh soil, hints of sage and bay providing more refreshing earthiness to offset the ripe fruit. The tannins are beautifully integrated and very fine, well-balanced with refreshing crunchy acids. Morey Saint Denis 1er Cru – Clos des Ormes 2018 Benoit calls this his baby Clos de la Roche, sitting directly below the Grand Cru vineyard and sharing the darker spice, brooding fruit and complex perfumes of orange bitters and sweet herb notes alongside rich plush blackberry fruit. This is a very serious gourmand style of Burgundy that is built to age and will develop beautifully in bottle over the next decade.  Gevrey Chambertin 1er Cru Les Combettes 2018 Surrounded completely by Grand Crus, this has a lovely elegance and sweetness on the nose,
the intensity and generous character of top Gevrey and a really wonderful balance. Red fruits, raspberry, a touch of juniper, pepper, silky tannins that are already so soft and integrated. Mulberry and macerated raspberry on the finish. Great length and freshness. This is serious. 
Clos Saint Denis Grand Cru 2018 Vines between 60 and 70 years old – powerful red fruits with fresh peppery notes and minerality on the nose. Superbly balanced tannins with a light sweetness, an expansive palate of dark berries and cherries opening to a long and elegant acidity, which amplifies the minerality of the terroir. Dry and powerful, the spine of this Clos St Denis provides amazing structure and exciting length on the finish. Will age incredibly well.

Clos de la Roche Grand Cru 2018 Deep nose of blueberry and purple fruit, savoury herbs and spice. Tightly wound and intense, the palate shows a hint of dark chocolate, oak, dark cherry and red fruits. A chunky personality, touch of pepper on the finish and good length. So much potential here. 
Bonne Mares Grand Cru 2018 Grown exclusively on the red limestone soil (Morey-side) of Bonnes Mares rich in iron, from 100-year-old vines. A captivating nose of mandarin, touches of spice and a broad spectrum of red and dark berry fruits. A core of red cherry and raspberry on the palate, mouth-watering acidity balanced by sensuous tannins. Structured yet elegant with an intense fresh berry finish. Outstanding. Explore more Editorial 

Domaine Georges Lignier has some of the most enviable Grand Cru sites in Burgundy with significant holdings in Clos de la Roche, Clos St Denis and Bonnes Mares

Exploring Domaine Georges Lignier and its enviable Grand Cru sites in Burgundy in Clos de la Roche, Clos St Denis and Bonnes Mares. 

Domaine Georges Lignier, 2018 vintage update

Domaine Georges Lignier: 2018 vintage update

Touching down in Burgundy last week was a shock. Coming from London’s autumnal hues, the hit of hot air as the plane doors opened was surprising – indeed, it’s abnormally balmy across much of Europe at the moment. It’s another reminder of climate change and the very real impact it is having – especially on viticulture and other agriculture. While the cool and rainy 2021 vintage felt like a return to the old Burgundy (with all its challenges), 2022 and 2023 were both modern vintages that speak of global warming. The region’s vignerons were in a good mood, with the 2023 vintage harvested weeks ago and the wines safely in the cellar. For once, they have had not one but two consecutive vintages offering decent volumes, helping to make up for a run of tiny crops. The cellars are – at last – looking a little less barren. Indeed, the regional body Vins de Bourgogne reported that 2022 represents a 75% increase on the measly volumes of 2021. The 2022 vintage, however, was the reason for and focus of our visit – getting our first taste of the wines that will be dominating the calendar for the next few months. As I’ve mentioned, this was a modern vintage, a year that is very much the new normal. The winter was cold, however warmer temperatures in February and March saw an early start to the season. Once again the mercury dropped in April with the threat of frost, however it didn’t seem to have major ramifications. The summer was warm and dry – with heavy rain in late June breaking the drought, providing essential refreshment for the vines in the year’s arid conditions. At Louis Jadot, Thibault Gagey explained how there were two weeks in August with temperatures over 35˚C, during which the vines shut down. Alvina Pernot explained how plots with richer soils – those with more clay and better water retention – fared better, pointing to Clos des Folatières as a site that thrived in the year, as well as older vines with deeper roots, those that could reach and draw upon water reserves. Picking started at the very end of August, with another contracted harvest during which the ability to pick what you wanted when you wanted key to quality. The good news was that the crop was plentiful, with most managing to achieve a full crop, with a maximum of up to 15-20% less for some of the Chardonnay. Looking at the season on paper, it’s easy to imagine the resulting wines might be dominated by their ripeness – but that’s simply not the case. We need to taste and talk much more into exactly why, however it seems that the generous yield was the year’s saviour. With so much fruit for the vine to ripen, sugar levels remained moderate. As in 2020, the grapes retained high levels of tartaric acid, bringing surprising freshness to the wines. The malic acid was degraded, but this meant that the malolactic fermentation had less impact on the final wines and their balance (although we anticipate that some may still have chosen to block it). From what we’ve tasted so far, the reds show particular promise – offering juicy, concentrated fruit without drifting into over-ripe or jammy, vibrant acidity and fine-textured yet very present tannins. Those we’ve tasted are amazingly open even though few have yet finished élevage – the ripe fruit shining through, but there’s a gravitas beneath that appealing, mouth-watering fruit. The whites, meanwhile, are classical in their fruit expression, with more traditional white peach, melon, pear and citrus. There’s good dry extract and density here, with balance too. They have natural tension, and there seems to be a pleasing bitterness that adds to their freshness, something we found consistent across producers so far. In general alcohols are modest, sitting mainly between 12.5 and 13.5%, for both reds and whites. This is only the beginning of our deep dive into the 2022 vintage, however we left the sunny streets of Beaune filled with excitement about the year. There is still much to discover and explore, and much, much more to taste to inform our full vintage report – but it’s clear already that this is a year with great potential, and one that you’ll want in your cellar. We’ll be publishing more on Burgundy 2022 in due course; in the meantime, browse all current Burgundy 2022 listings.

Fresh from our first trip to Burgundy to taste the 2022s, we offer some early thoughts on the vintage – a year that is showing great promise

Fresh from our initial trip to the region, we dig into Burgundy 2022 – a warm year that has produced some surprisingly fresh wines

Our first thoughts on Burgundy 2022 en primeur

Burgundy 2022 at first glance

“C’est quoi, traditionnel, aujourd’hui?” Marion Raphet half-jokes as we talk about the 2019 vintage, tasting her family’s bottlings at Domaine Gérard Raphet. Since 2011, it feels like Burgundy’s vignerons have been on a rollercoaster: with hail (2012, 2013, 2014 and 2016), heatwaves (2018, 2012), frost (2016 and 2017 for Chablis) and even the influx of Drosophila suzukii – an Asian fruit fly – after a particularly mild winter (2014). While global warming is nothing new to farmers – in Burgundy or elsewhere, 2019 feels like it marks a shift, with the threat of climate change suddenly all the more tangible. The year was full of extremes, from an unusual hard frost in April to a hot, dry season that really challenged vines – and growers. But in a region where tradition reigns supreme, where the way in which producers farm their vines and make their wines is passed down from generation to generation, evolution is now imperative – and, as Mickaël Haratyk of Domaine Joblot lamented, “Some producers don’t change.”  Harvest dates have gradually been creeping back, and – as Frédéric Weber at Bouchard explained – “It’s more and more difficult to pick a good date.” In 2020, Burgundy saw some of the earliest harvest dates on record – often extremely similar to those of 2003. Joseph Colin pointed out, however, that August harvests aren’t new – in 1553 producers started picking in Meursault on 14th August. He argues that the region has always had periods of warm weather that lasted 20 to 30 years; it’s a cycle. The question, however, is how long the cycle lasts – and whether growers or the vines can make great wine with fruit that is picked on 1st August. Haratyk echoed this sentiment, noting that harvests today are a month earlier than 25 years ago; with that pace of climate change, it’s hard to imagine what things will be like in another 25 years’ time.  The focus for growers used to be on getting enough sugar ripeness, with chaptalisation almost rote in decades of yore, but now it’s about retaining balance in the wines. The decision of when to pick is driven by acidity levels, to retain the essential freshness and elegance that defines fine Burgundy as we know it. At Joblot, there was a time when 11.5% potential alcohol equated to fruit that was ready for picking; now it is naturally never less than 14%. They know they’ll have the necessary sugars and maturity (with phenolic ripeness achieved easily), the challenge is to make sure nature’s generosity is off-set by the requisite acidity. But what else are the region’s vignerons doing to adapt to a new, warmer Burgundy? In the vineyard, producers can look at how they manage between the rows: ploughing is increasingly avoided, as it releases valuable moisture from the soils. The use of cover crops is another consideration; while they can help avoid erosion and preserve top soil on slopes, they also present a rival for precious nutrients and water. Growers can delay pruning, which in turn can delay budburst, helping to limit the impact of frost on the vines. Something that many producers emphasise is the importance of a thicker, taller and leafier canopy. While once vines would have been trimmed neatly, and leaves stripped to allow the sun to reach the grapes and aid ripening, today producers are limiting this work, wanting to shield grapes from the heat and limit their exposure. Charles van Canneyt, for example, still trims his vines, but lets them grow higher than he used to, and doesn’t leaf-strip at all. At Joblot, they work with a thicker canopy these days, and let the lateral shoots – that previously they’d have trimmed – grow freely. However, a thicker canopy brings its own potential problems, as Philippe Jouan noted, explaining that oidium (powdery mildew) is now the biggest issue in the vineyard. A thicker canopy means less airflow, creating a more humid environment within the canopy and therefore disease pressure. Many producers believe that mature vines are key – their deeper root systems able to reach water reserves, and with age are thought to gain a natural stability, enabling them to withstand more extreme temperatures. Marion Raphet (Domaine Gérard Raphet) explained how her old vines were so much more resistant to the rising temperatures; noting that even in a year as hot as 2020, the old vines were still green when we visited in mid-October. But some producers have seen old vines struggle in the dry conditions of 2019 and 2020. Benoît Stelhy at Georges Lignier, a proud proponent of permanent grass grown between his vines, saw his old vines seriously impacted by water stress, with the resulting yields so unviably low that they have made him seriously question the way he is working. He is now wondering if perhaps having intra-row grass cover is more important in young vineyards, where their natural vigour needs to be countered by competition. In the winery, there are plenty of benefits to the riper fruit: there’s no need for chaptalisation, and it is in general easier to extract colour, tannin and flavour. However, that same ripeness and the associated lower acidity levels, can pose problems. As Chantal Tortochot explained this year, above 13% alcohol, natural yeasts can struggle – meaning that we may see more commercial yeast (which can guarantee wines ferment to dryness) in use.  The higher pH of these musts also increases the risks of bacterial spoilage, hence producers need to be particularly careful handling them – with hygiene, temperature control and/or the careful use of sulphur of increasing importance. Benoît Stelhy described how he is trying to recreate the cold of yesteryear’s winters; he cools his wines before putting them into barrel, therefore delaying the onset of malolactic fermentation (as the region’s cool temperatures would naturally have done after an October harvest). By doing so, he can avoid adding sulphites at this stage, feeling the wines can therefore benefit more from micro-oxygenation in barrel, before malolactic fermentation takes place when the wines naturally warm up in the spring. But these measures will only work in the short-term; as the region warms further, producers need to start looking further ahead. Re-planting vineyards with rootstocks better suited to today’s climate is likely to be necessary (not to mention considering other issues posed by current rootstock selections). “The vines that are in their prime today,” William Kelley explains, “were planted with a view to early ripening in a marginal climate; in much warmer conditions, the choices of rootstock and vine genetics made in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s – even by producers aspiring to high quality – are close to the opposite of what’s required today.” Such a shift, of course, takes time – with the need to leave vineyards fallow between re-planting for several years, and a minimum three-year wait for vines to produce fruit, or longer for fruit of serious quality. Experimental plantings of Syrah and Malbec in the region feel a little ahead of the curve, but there will certainly be a need to adapt clonal selections. The rise in the popularity of Aligoté – frost-resistant, early-ripening and high-acid – is no coincidence, and some suggest that it could be a solution for retaining freshness in the region’s whites. Small percentages of Aligoté and Pinot Blanc were once planted amongst the Chardonnay in even the grandest of Crus, and it’s something William Kelley would like to see make a comeback, feeling it “would help white Burgundies retain the tension and acidity we prize so highly”. As the mercury rises, we’re already seeing a shift in the sites that thrive. Until now, many of the sites considered the “best” are mid-slope with good exposure and drainage, basking in the sun, often with relatively little topsoil; increasingly this simply isn’t what is needed in the climate. “The big winners are places such as the Hautes-Côtes,” Kelley explains, “which are today enjoying a climate that’s very similar to what the Côte de Beaune and Côte de Nuits experienced in the 1990s.” Gros Frère & Soeur has even planted a plot of Pinot Noir at the very top of the Côte, beyond the limits of the Burgundy appellation, at altitudes that would once have been impossible.  Plots that were once unviable now are, and sites previously deemed “lesser” for their cool, marginal temperatures are being favoured. Similarly, sites with deeper, more clay-rich soils, with greater waterholding capacity, are becoming more desirable with drier conditions. As Benoît Stelhy noted in 2019 and 2020, Clos Saint-Denis with its poor soils struggled more than, say, Clos de la Roche. Alvina Pernot noted that two of her parcels either on the edge of or in the middle of forested areas (Meursault Premier Cru La Pièce sous le Bois and Puligny-Montrachet Premier Cru Clos de la Garenne) are shielded from the sun, preserving acidity and freshness in the wines. The long-term viability of some sites, however, is hanging in the balance. Producers are increasingly aware of the threat that climate change poses. As Charles van Canneyt explained, at the moment they are only seeing the benefits – with riper fruit and more concentrated musts – but they’ll need to learn how to handle, and battle, the negatives too. While the future might be uncertain, producers are slowly but surely adapting. As Benoît Stelhy noted when discussing the benefits of organics, it’ll do for now – but does it give an answer for tomorrow? “We have to go further,” he said, a sense of urgency in his voice. It’s a call to arms, and one that producers will have to follow. For now at least, the wines are arguably better than ever; let’s hope that will long be the case.  Browse all Burgundy or explore more Editorial 

The 2020 vintage was the third in a trio of hot years for Burgundy, the region’s producers fast becoming used to what is the new norm. Here Sophie Thorpe looks at how global warming is impacting the Côte d ’Or and what the region’s vignerons are doing to cope with their shifting climate

Exploring how global warming is impacting Burgundian winemaking in Côte d ’Or and what the region’s vignerons are doing to cope with their shifting climate

Dealing with climate change in Burgundy vineyards

Adapt or die: dealing with climate change in Burgundy

Benoit Thibault

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