Dagli inizi nel Beaujolais negli anni ’80, il movimento del vino naturale è diventato un fenomeno globale. Ma quale influenza ha avuto poco più a nord, nelle storiche denominazioni della Borgogna? Simon J Woolf esplora il confine sempre più sfumato tra viticoltura classica e naturale

From Beaujolais to Burgundy, how has the natural wine movement shaped a terroir-driven region? For FONDATA Simon J Woolf explores the changing landscape.

Natural Wine’s Influence on Burgundy

Natura vs. Intervento: la ricerca della vera identità della Borgogna

Mi sono seduto per la prima volta con l’enologo Chris Phelps quasi due anni fa, immergendomi nel suo straordinario percorso. Avendo lavorato in realtà come Dominus, Caymus e Inglenook, fu il caso – o forse il destino – a portarlo a fondare la sua etichetta, Ad Vivum, nel 2007. 
 Era seduto sopra un tino di frutta appena in fermentazione quando fu colpito da un “coup de foudre” – innamorandosi all’istante di Sleeping Lady Vineyard, un sito coltivato dal suo caro amico Larry Bettinelli. Comprò il mosto a metà fermentazione e da allora lo fa a ogni vendemmia. 
 I blocchi specifici che riempivano quel tino si trovavano contro i Mayacamas, proprio nella parte più alta del vigneto, che è il sito più meridionale di Yountville. Qui le viti sono riparate dall’ardore del sole pomeridiano, preservando acidità e aromi nel frutto, mentre un flusso d’acqua sotterraneo permette al sito di prosperare anche negli anni più siccitosi. Ogni anno, da soli 1,5 acri di Cabernet Sauvignon, Phelps crea un’altra espressione del sito. 
 Le parcelle esatte sono cambiate leggermente nel tempo. Nel 2007, le viti erano tutte Clone 191 – il clone che riteneva migliore per il sito, ma il blocco aveva bisogno di essere reimpiantato, quindi si iniziò a usare frutta da una parcella adiacente, piantata con Clone 7. Dopo un “balletto attentamente ponderato” bilanciando le due parcelle, l’annata 2024 segna il ritorno all’uso esclusivo della frutta dalla parcella originale, ora reimpiantata con Clone 191 (e noto come Clone 34, geneticamente identico al 191). 
 Phelps ha lasciato il suo lavoro quotidiano (lavorando per altre cantine) alla fine del 2023, potendo finalmente concentrarsi esclusivamente su Ad Vivum, oltre a un progetto più recente con il figlio Josh (Coil Wines). Sebbene avessimo già degustato le uscite correnti, all’inizio di questo mese abbiamo potuto assaggiare per la prima volta un trittico di vecchie annate. Hanno confermato quanto sia speciale questo sito, così come il talento di Phelps nel saperlo catturare in bottiglia. 
 Le tre annate che abbiamo assaggiato sono state 2016, 2017 e 2018 – tre anni molto diversi a Napa. Tutte e tre, tuttavia, riescono a combinare grande freschezza con la lucidità di Napa – dando vita a vini sorprendentemente già approcciabili. 
 2016 Ad Vivum 
 Con le parole di Phelps, il 2016 è stata “un’annata classica di Napa”; il clima è stato caldo a fine giugno, permettendo alle viti di concentrarsi sulla maturazione del frutto, mentre l’autunno ha portato temperature più fresche. Phelps ha vendemmiato dal 7 ottobre, fermentando in rovere francese nuovo al 21% (il resto in acciaio inox), con un totale di 19 giorni sulle bucce prima dell’elevage di 18 mesi in rovere francese nuovo al 65%. Ha sempre avuto “un’armoniosità”, ha osservato Phelps, e ciò è certamente vero degustando il vino. 
 Il naso offre frutto scuro dolce, purezza di grafite e accenni di fiori sollevati oltre a una vena erbacea. Il palato è lineare e puro, con acidità salivante e un cuore saporito di frutto maturo, dolce cassis e tannini maturi che forniscono una presa asciugante sul finale. Sebbene sia il più vecchio di questa mini-verticale, sembra quasi il più giovane e beneficerà certamente di ulteriore tempo in bottiglia. Un blend di 56% Clone 7 e 44% Clone 191 di Cabernet Sauvignon. 
 2017 Ad Vivum 
 L’annata 2017 è una di quelle che saranno ricordate per sempre per gli incendi a Napa, sebbene fortunatamente Ad Vivum non ne sia stato colpito. Dopo un germogliamento precoce, la stagione di crescita è stata segnata da tre ondate di calore – a metà giugno, a fine agosto e a metà settembre. Avere un sito più fresco, ombreggiato dal sole pomeridiano e con sufficienti riserve idriche è stato fondamentale per Phelps. Ha vendemmiato dal 5 ottobre, portando in cantina 55% Clone 191 e 45% Clone 7 di Cabernet. È stato fermentato in rovere francese nuovo al 25%, trascorrendo in totale 20 giorni sulle bucce (Phelps ha notato quanto facilmente colore e tannino arrivassero in questa annata calda), prima di essere elevato 17 mesi in rovere nuovo al 70%. 
 Il naso qui è brillante e profumato, combinando frutto scuro dolce – ciliegie nere e ribes nero – con slancio floreale e mina di matita. C’è una splendida purezza del frutto, che prosegue su un palato denso ma fresco, mostrando una succosa eleganza. C’è una masticabilità appagante nei tannini, fermi ma vellutati, che incorniciano le ondate di frutto che scorrono verso il lungo finale salino. Invitante e goloso, è difficile resistergli ora. 
 2018 Ad Vivum 
 Sebbene l’annata 2018 a Napa sia iniziata con un germogliamento relativamente tardivo, temperature più fresche e uniformi hanno dato vita a una stagione di crescita lunga, producendo rese relativamente abbondanti – eppure senza alcuna diluizione, grazie alla stagione prolungata. Phelps ha vendemmiato dal 17 ottobre, con il blend che è tornato verso circa due terzi di Clone 191 di Cabernet dalla parcella originale e un terzo di Clone 7. Fermentato in rovere francese nuovo al 25%, Phelps ha lasciato il 2018 sulle bucce per 23 giorni – leggermente più a lungo rispetto ad altre annate, ritenendo che il frutto strutturato avesse bisogno di più tempo per raggiungere il suo potenziale, cosa rispecchiata da un’elevage di 20 mesi in rovere nuovo al 75%. Phelps osserva quanto generoso sia stato questo vino fin dall’inizio, ma quanto abbia sviluppato ulteriore opulenza e profondità in bottiglia. 
 Questo è un vino splendido: il naso è intenso, esuberante di frutto scuro e con una soddisfacente vena erbacea. Sebbene il ribes nero e la prugna nera siano splendidamente maturi e setosi, c’è un’acidità brillante che porta una freschezza meravigliosa – per un palato agile e vibrante. I tannini sono rotondi e levigati, conferendo struttura senza sforzo, mentre c’è un bordo salino e saporito nel lungo finale. Esplora tutte le offerte attuali di Ad Vivum, inclusa una cassa mista di 2016, 2017 e 2018, o leggi di più sulla California

Dal 2007, Chris Phelps lavora con appena 1,5 acri di Cabernet Sauvignon nel vigneto Sleeping Lady a Yountville. Il vino che ne è nato è Ad Vivum, una splendida espressione di questo luogo speciale. Abbiamo incontrato Phelps per una degustazione in miniatura del progetto.

Exploring Chris Phelps’s Ad Vivum Napa Cabernet Sauvignon wine from Yountville’s Sleeping Lady Vineyard through three vintages, 2016, 2017 and 2018 

Tasting Ad Vivum Napa Cabernet Sauvignon – 2016-2018 

Degustazione Ad Vivum: 2016-2018

When visiting the cellars of Domaine Hubert Lamy, you are likely to come out a lot wiser than you were when you went in. Olivier Lamy has been experimenting ever since he joined his father at the domaine in 1995, and he loves to share his findings.  On our last visit we were given two white wines blind and asked to assess them. One thing seemed immediately clear: with its deeper colour and more developed savoury tones, one wine was older than the other. “No” he replied. “They are the same age.” Okay, perhaps the reason for such variation in development is due to the wines coming from two different quality sites – a Grand Cru versus a village wine for instance? “No, it is the same vineyard,” he replied. Perplexed, the only other solution I thought must be his high-density plantings. (Olivier has planted parts of his vineyard three times the density of the norm in Burgundy, with up to 30,000 vines per hectare), the result being smaller, more flavourful berries. Wrong again.   “Wrong experiment,” he smirks, leaving us completely stumped. He presents the two bottles and the answer lies with the capsules. Both wines have the same cork closure but one has the traditional metal capsule seal, the other bottle has been dipped in wax. It is the wax capsule that seems not only younger and fresher, but more texturally complex, yet both the wines are from exactly the same vineyard, with the same vine density and vintage. It is simply the closure that has preserved one wine so much better.   Olivier has been experimenting with closures for years. There have long been concerns about natural cork, with the risk of cork taint top of the list of potential problems, but it was the issue of premature oxidation, particularly with white Burgundy, that led Olivier to investigate whether maybe the problem lay with the closure.  Despite the drop in natural cork’s popularity and their replacement with alternative, “technical” corks and screwcaps, the natural cork still has plenty of advocates, and it remains the most sustainable and natural of solutions for many. A better understanding of the causes of cork taint has vastly improved the natural cork’s reliability and reputation, yet “being a natural product there remain irregularities in the cork,” says Olivier. Natural cork is irregular in structure, therefore allowing different levels of oxygen ingress, meaning that the same wine can mature differently depending on the specific cork, and resulting in bottle variation.  Olivier also believes the irregularities of cork have become worse in recent years due to climate change, with the warmer temperatures resulting in even less consistent cork.  The benefit of the wax capsule, according to Lamy, is that it acts like a “bandage”, offsetting the irregularities of the cork. His grandfather and many other winemakers often used wax capsules for wines destined for their personal cellars; it was the reliable ageing capacity of these wines that prompted his experiments. Trialling the effects of waxed and unwaxed capsules since 2009, he decided to use wax capsules on all his wines in 2016. Over this time, he has experimented with varying diameters and lengths of cork, different treatments, as well as testing plastic, agglomerate, and technical corks before concluding that longer (54mm), technical DIAMs (a natural cork-based agglomerate closure), under wax seal produce the best results and best protect against premature oxidation.  Does this mean we have a definitive answer to the question that has plagued white Burgundy for the last couple of decades regarding premature oxidation? While his experiments certainly seem to imply that the irregularity of natural corks could be one of the biggest culprits and wax capsules one of the most successful solutions, he does not believe it is only the cork which is at fault. “There are two problems,” he says. “Poor-quality corks and the fact that wines are more fragile these days.”  The increased fragility of white Burgundy, Lamy believes, is a modern phenomenon. Climate change produces riper grapes, combine this with too many new barrels, modern presses that are too protective and you have wines that are more susceptible to oxidation. All too aware of this concern, many vignerons, Lamy believes, attempt to overprotect their wines, adding too much anti-oxidative sulphur dioxide (SO2) throughout the winemaking process. Counter-intuitively, this in fact makes the wines more susceptible to oxidation. When wine is made in a more protective environment, the more volatile phenolics remain in the wine, whereas these will drop out of a wine  when it is made oxidatively at the early stages of vinification, resulting in a much more stable wine.   Despite vignerons’ better understanding of the effects protective winemaking has on long-term ageing, these techniques are still used by many because it makes the wines so much more approachable in their youth. Many white wines today are built on developing these youthful aromas at the expense of ageing potential, Lamy argues. This is, he says, is in direct contrast with the past, where wines were built on texture, remaining fairly closed in their youth, with the aromas only developing with age.  There are still many traditional vignerons in Burgundy producing textural white wines built to age – with Lamy (who does not enjoy young, aromatic Burgundy) being one of them. With the warming climate, he has, however, had to adapt his winemaking to protect these more fragile wines. These days he manages the press cycle according to the vintage and allows for more solids when required.  With all the wines now bottled under DIAM and wax capsules, all Lamy can do now is wait. But, if his experiments are anything to go by, the risks of premature oxidation are low. Of course, he’s not sitting back – the dynamic winemaker is looking to experiment even more, pushing the boundaries to produce the best, and most age-worthy, wine possible.

Find out more about Domaine Hubert Lamy

Premature oxidation has plagued the modern era of white Burgundy – but could it be a thing of the past? Recent research by Olivier Lamy – the experimental winemaker at the helm of Domaine Hubert Lamy – could hold the key to solving the problem. We caught up with him to find out more 

Could premature oxidation in wine-making be a thing of the past? Recent research by Olivier Lamy at Domaine Hubert Lamy holds the key to solving the problem

Domaine Hubert Lamy on the premox problem

Solving the premox problem: Olivier Lamy

I Thienpont regnano sulla Rive Droite di Bordeaux. A Vieux Château Certan, Alexandre Thienpont – quasi sempre vestito con il suo Barbour – comanda, producendo Pomerol di immacolata genealogia, come la sua famiglia fa ormai da oltre un secolo. Poco distante, il cugino Jacques Thienpont tiene corte a Le Pin, il primo indirizzo cult di Pomerol. Nicolas Thienpont è un altro cugino il cui dominio si estende da Saint-Emilion – da Pavie Macquin e Larcis Ducasse fino a diverse tenute nella Côte des Francs. E la dinastia continua a crescere, mentre ogni ramo di questa complessa famiglia trova un nuovo angolo della regione da padroneggiare. 
 La famiglia fiamminga ha una lunga storia nel mondo del vino, commerciando vino francese (soprattutto Bordeaux) dal 1842. Georges Thienpont – nonno di Jacques, Alexandre e Nicolas) fu il primo a passare alla produzione, acquistando Ch. Troplong Mondot nel 1921, poi Vieux Château Certan nel 1924. Tuttavia, non passò molto tempo prima che arrivasse la Grande Depressione, e Georges Thienpont fu costretto a vendere Troplong Mondot nel 1934. A quanto pare, l’unico motivo per cui mantenne Vieux Château Certan fu che nessuno voleva comprarlo – con le vigne che all’epoca esercitavano scarso fascino. Fu il château stesso a Troplong Mondot, posizionato nel punto più alto della regione e con vista sul villaggio di Saint-Emilion, a permettergli di vendere la tenuta di Saint-Emilion. Georges continuò a produrre vino durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale e la devastante gelata del 1956. Nonostante un inizio difficile, “VCC” (come è affettuosamente noto dagli amanti del vino) è diventato uno dei nomi di punta di Bordeaux. Fu però Jacques Thienpont a portare la famiglia decisamente sotto i riflettori. Fu nel 1979 che Jacques, allora ancora commerciante di vini in Belgio, acquistò un vigneto di 1,6 ettari a Pomerol. Il sito aveva prodotto Pomerol generico, ma Jacques iniziò a realizzare minuscoli volumi di vino dallo stile opulento, chiamandolo come il pino solitario (“le pin”) che si ergeva sulla proprietà. L’annata 1982 fu determinante, ricevendo notevoli consensi dalla critica – soprattutto da Robert Parker – e presto Le Pin divenne uno dei vini più desiderati al mondo. 
 Poco più di 30 anni dopo quel primo acquisto di vigneto, parve destino quando Jacques andò a vedere una parcella di terreno a Saint-Emilion proprio accanto a Troplong Mondot. Precedentemente conosciuta come Ch. Haut-Plantey, il potenziale del sito era chiaro a Jacques e la simmetria dei Thienpont che tornavano dove era iniziata l’eredità vinicola della loro famiglia sembrava appropriata. Acquistò la proprietà nel 2010 e mise Cyrille Thienpont (suo cugino di primo grado una volta rimosso) a capo della gestione quotidiana. In linea con il tema arboreo, chiamò l’impresa di Saint-Emilion L’If (il tasso). 
 Il primo progetto intrapreso dal team fu una mappa dettagliata dei suoli per comprendere a fondo il sito. La cantina si trova a Saint-Laurent-des-Combes, appena a est di Troplong Mondot, con cinque ettari di vigneto intorno e altri due ettari di vigne esposte a ovest vicino a Saint-Hippolyte. Le parcelle più basse sono più erose e sabbiose, ma gran parte del vigneto poggia su puro calcare e argilla. Si misero a ristrutturare il vigneto – eliminando il 5% di Cabernet Sauvignon e aumentando la quota di Cabernet Franc, con circa il 25% sull’intera proprietà oggi (qualsiasi nuovo impianto è stato fatto con una selezione massale da Pavie Macquin). 
 Nel 2013, Jacques acquistò un altro ettaro circa di vigne a Saint-Etienne-de-Lisse, proprio accanto a Ch. Puy-Blanquet. Nonostante la qualità dei suoli, Jacques era esitante a comprare una parcella così “lontana”, ben tre chilometri in linea d’aria – o circa 10 minuti di auto. Estirparono le viti e reimpiantarono questa parcella aggiuntiva, raccogliendo i primi frutti nel 2018. Nonostante la sua giovane età, l’uva della parcella è entrata nel blend finale di ogni annata di L’If dal 2020 (“Ne è valsa la pena del viaggio,” scherza Cyrille). Anche con il significativo reimpianto e questa nuova parcella, l’età media delle vigne dell’azienda è di circa 40 anni – con le più vecchie oltre i 60 anni. 
 I lavori per una nuova cantina sono terminati appena in tempo per la vendemmia 2023, consentendo maggiore precisione e flessibilità – con più spazio di manovra (e 16 tini in cemento per i loro otto ettari di vigne). Ci si potrebbe aspettare un edificio appariscente, magari firmato da un architetto famoso – ma non è nello stile dei Thienpont. La discrezione è tutto per questa famiglia – e la cantina è una replica quasi esatta di ciò che c’era prima, semplicemente con più spazio all’interno, progettata per una funzionalità semplice. In un angolo si trova un serbatoio in acciaio inox altrimenti anonimo – il primo che Jacques acquistò per Le Pin nel 1979. Era forse inevitabile che L’If stesse all’ombra di Le Pin. Ma ora, 15 anni dopo l’acquisto della tenuta da parte di Jacques Thienpont, con una nuova cantina e il significativo lavoro nei vigneti completato, L’If sta costruendo una propria reputazione. 
 Sebbene lo stesso team sia in gran parte coinvolto in entrambe le tenute, L’If è un sito e un vino totalmente diversi. I suoli freschi hanno una migliore capacità di ritenzione idrica e il germogliamento avviene circa 10 giorni più tardi che a Le Pin, con le sue ghiaie calde e ben drenanti – un divario che spesso si amplia con l’avanzare della stagione vegetativa, il che significa che qui la vendemmia è significativamente più tardiva. Diana Berrouet Garcia – che funge da Direttrice Generale per i Domaines Jacques Thienpont, inclusi sia Le Pin che L’If – osserva come a L’If il terroir sembri parlare più forte dell’annata e riesca ad adattarsi meglio a condizioni più impegnative, mentre a Le Pin le viti possono faticare – soprattutto negli anni caldi e siccitosi. Dove Le Pin è rotondo, suadente ed esotico, L’If è lineare, teso e minerale; uno sensuale e sferico, l’altro appena dal lato giusto del severo, con una qualità cristallina. Anche negli ultimi anni, è sorprendente come il vino stia evolvendo – tallonando Le Pin in termini di qualità. Riassaggiando il 2019, è sorprendentemente accessibile, con un naso profumato e un frutto succoso e puro che completa la tensione naturale del vino. 
 Sono ancora giorni relativamente iniziali per L’If – e il team ha investito in modo significativo, concentrandosi sul modellare il vigneto e sull’assicurarsi di avere in cantina gli strumenti per tradurre il lavoro in vigna. Per ora, oltre metà del vigneto viene utilizzata per il second vin, Les Collines d’If – qualcosa che cambierà col tempo, man mano che continuano a reimpiantare parcelle. A quanto pare, i tassi crescono incredibilmente lentamente – ma sono anche tra gli alberi più longevi (il Perthshire in Scozia ospita il tasso di Fortingall, che si pensa abbia 2.000–3.000 anni ed è uno degli alberi più antichi d’Europa). La famiglia Theinpont si sta appena insediando a L’If, ma mentre mette radici, il potenziale è chiaro. 
 La famiglia Thienpont: chi fa cosa? Jacques Thienpont: Possiede Le Pin, L’If e L’Hêtre (quest’ultimo con sua sorella Anne de Raeymaeker), ma è anche comproprietario di Vieux Château Certan. Sovrintende all’originaria attività di commercio di vini della famiglia in Belgio, la Thienpont Wine, detentrice del Royal Warrant belga, gestita da sua moglie e premiata scrittrice di vino Fiona Morrison MW. 
 Alexandre Thienpont: Comproprietario e direttore di Vieux Château Certan con suo figlio, Guillaume, oltre a essere comproprietario di Le Pin con Jacques. Alexandre e Guillaume coltivano anche le vigne di Le Pin, L’If e L’Hêtre, oltre a quelle di Vieux Château Certan. 
 Guillaume Thienpont: Gestisce Vieux Château Certan con il padre, Alexandre, oltre a produrre L’Etoile e Les Fillottes con il suo cugino di secondo grado, François Thienpont. Gestisce anche ora Ch. Guillot-Clauzel, che non è di proprietà della famiglia. 
 François Thienpont: Gestisce il negocio di famiglia, Wings, oltre a produrre L’Etoile e Les Fillottes con Guillaume Thienpont ed è comproprietario sia di Vieux Château Certan sia di Ch. Puygueraud. 
 Nicolas Thienpont: Possiede e/o gestisce un gruppo di tenute con suo figlio Cyrille: Pavie Macquin, Larcis Ducasse, La Prade, Laclaverie, Charmes Godard e Puygueraud. 
 Cyrille Thienpont: Possiede e gestisce il gruppo di proprietà di Nicolas Thienpont con suo padre, oltre a dirigere e produrre il vino a L’If. 
 Ci sono molti altri membri della famiglia Thienpont coinvolti nel vino, ma questi sono i più importanti al momento della stesura. 
 Esplora tutte le offerte attuali di L’If o leggi di più su Bordeaux

Le Pin è uno dei vini più famosi al mondo, ma è solo uno dei progetti della famiglia Thienpont. Analizziamo la dinastia ed esploriamo l'evoluzione di L'If, la tenuta di Saint-Émilion che si sta affermando come uno dei nomi più interessanti della regione.

Jacques Thienpont created cult Pomerol wine estate Le Pin in 1979, but now he’s got a new project in Saint-Emilion, Bordeaux: L’If 

Exploring L’If: Le Pin’s Saint-Emilion sibling 

Alla scoperta di L’If: il fratello di Le Pin, Saint-Emilion

Old, low-yielding vines. I’ve written that phrase more times than I’d like to confess. But how much does it really mean when it comes to the quality of the wine in your glass? The 2023 vintage in Burgundy (read our full vintage report here) produced generous yields. In farming terms, that’s a good thing: a plentiful crop that restocks the cellars (and coffers). But the sheer volume of fruit (“a wall of grapes”, as Bouchard’s winemaker Frédéric Weber told us) posed its own challenge – and much of our time in the region’s cellars this year was spent diving into how they managed, or controlled, the yield. It seemed fitting, therefore, to address the topic in greater detail.  In the Old World, appellation rules will limit yields, with the yield generally decreasing as you move up the appellation system (see below a table detailing the maximum yields for Burgundy, for example). Of course, this indicates a relationship between yield and quality, implying less is better – and there is no doubt that excessive yields don’t produce fine wine. But how low is too low? There is a fashion for prizing vines that barely manage to ripen a bunch or two, but do they really make better wine than those producing a decent crop? Beyond our obsession with rarity, what are the consequences of less fruit per vine – and therefore, what does more entail? A note on measuring yield Before we get into the weeds of the matter, let’s address how we talk about yield. In the Old World, the most common measurement of yield is hectolitres per hectare (hl/ha), measuring the volume of juice or wine per hectare of vineyard area. In Champagne the standard measure is kilos per hectare and in Italy you may see reference to quintales per hectare (qt/ha or q/ha, with one quintal translating to 100kg), while in the US, producers are more likely to use tons per acre. We’ll dive further into the many variables here, but it’s worth highlighting that vine density isn’t taken into account by any of these measurements. Although a higher number of vines per hectare will generally mean a higher yield across the vineyard, the increased competition will also likely reduce the yield per vine. For this article, we have spoken to producers from a range of regions, but do note that yields are not comparable between varieties or region. Climate – with heat, sunlight and water availability, as well as the varying size of berries and clusters of any given variety, mean that there is no number that can be deemed a global average when it comes to yield. (Do look at this table compiled by the Wine Advocate’s William Kelley, comparing vine density, cluster weight and juice yields for various classic fine wine regions, to give you an idea of the differences between regions.) Given this, “high” and “low” yields aren’t equated to specific numbers here, but the concept discussed more broadly – and arguably more relevantly for those of us drinking wine rather than making it. Bearing all of this in mind, extremely approximate conversions can be made as follows: one tonne per hectare is approximately 7hl/ha, while one ton per acre is around 17.5hl/ha (Oxford Companion to Wine). Yields: how low is too low? “It’s not extreme mythology: low yields produce better quality,” Cerbaiona’s Matthew Fioretti tells me; for him, high yields risk dilution and sanitary problems – and at excessive levels, that is certainly true. But, as Myriad’s Mike Smith told me, the relationship is “not linear”. Mike Dunn (Dunn Vineyards) generally has low yields, but that’s not necessarily about concentration, he explains: it’s simply about how much they can ripen before winter hits. Up on Napa’s Howell Mountain, their poor soils and farming (avoiding irrigation and fertilisation where they can) naturally produce lower yields. He recently changed some of their Cabernet Sauvignon to cane (rather than cordon) pruning and, although they’re getting more fruit off the same vines, there’s been no loss in quality. “It’s all relative,” says Ivan Massonnat at Belargus in Anjou. He points to Saumur with its limestone soils, where producers can crop 45-50hl/ha without a problem, but on the schist soils that lie beneath his vineyards: “Forget about doing much more than 30-35hl/ha,” he says. And even that has proven challenging for him. In the seven vintages he’s produced at the estate, only two have come close to 30hl/ha, with the average around 15hl/ha, simply due to the challenges of each vintage. He’d have loved to crop more – but nature had other ideas, and vignerons have to adapt to the vintage. Massonnat explains how if you farm to produce yields that are overly low, you can end up with fruit that has high technical, or sugar, maturity, but isn’t yet phenolically ripe – leading to unbalanced wines. Smith echoes this, talking specifically about Beckstoffer Dr Crane, one of Napa’s legendary vineyards, which he finds likes to produce more – around five tons an acre (versus four in most of the vineyards he works with). He sees producers cropping to just three tons per acre there, and in warm vintages the fruit ripens too quickly for the phenolics to catch up. Philippe Bascaules – who was first appointed Estate Director at Ch. Margaux in 1990 – offers an interesting perspective, arguing that there’s no direct relationship between yield and quality. In Bordeaux in the 1970s, he tells me, yields were consistently low – 25-30hl/ha, with wines that were inconsistent. As the wines became more popular, with demand from the US in particular for the 1982 vintage, producers started aiming for significantly higher yields and chaptalizing much more. Soon, average yields had doubled to 50-60hl/ha – a level that was unsustainable, especially in challenging vintages such as 1992, ’93 and ’94. Gradually they implemented changes, introducing green-harvesting (in 1986 at Ch. Margaux) and reducing fertilisation levels in the 1990s. Today, he and his team aim for around 45hl/ha, “a good production” in his mind – but a level which also offers insurance against inclement conditions. Lowering yields is something that, for him, has brought greater consistency to both the estate and region across vintages – ensuring they can ripen the crop each year. Deliberately reducing the yield beyond this, however, wouldn’t offer any serious benefit, he says. Similarly, across the Durantou family’s estates on the Right Bank, including Ch. l’Eglise-Clinet, Noëmie Durantou Reilhac targets a yield of circa 42hl/ha. “The vine wants to produce fruit,” she says, “so if the yield is really, really low, something went wrong.” For her, it’s the balance that matters most. With very high yields, the resulting wines will lack concentration (“You cannot make in tanks what nature hasn’t done before,” she says), but equally if the berries are so small that there is barely any juice, you’ll have little but tannins left to work with. And, while hail or frost will reduce your yield, they won’t result in greater concentration. “I think it just comes down to stress,” Dunn tells me. And that’s a common thread for several producers, arguing that vines need to struggle to produce quality. As Sébastien le Golvet – of Champagne Henri Giraud, who works with the poor soils of Aÿ – says, “genii are born of suffering”. Suffering doesn’t always mean lower yields, however: arguably, Dunn says, in high-vigour sites, keeping higher yields will help increase stress, pushing the vine to work harder – and therefore produce higher quality. Elements impacting yield While it’s impossible for us to address every factor that influences yield, it’s worth – relatively briefly – highlighting a few additional influences beyond site (with poorer or richer soils), variety and vintage: Trellising: Trellising – the shape in which a vine is trained – can be used to control yield. At Cerbaiona, Fioretti emphasises how using alberello or bush vines is key to helping contain Sangiovese’s natural vigour. At Tiberio, Cristiana Tiberio’s oldest vines are pergola-trained, with a traditional Abruzzese system that encourages competition but also increases the canopy to aid photosynthesis and ripening. Vine material/rootstock: The material used in a vineyard is integral (as with Quinta do Noval’s Nacional vineyard, see below). Mike Dunn, for example, mentioned how one of his older vineyards was planted on St George rootstock, known for shatter and therefore limiting yields even further. Jean-Marie Fourrier (Domaine Fourrier) argues that the use of selected clones, rather than massal selection, has resulted in higher yields and the need to green harvest, something that he never does – aided further by the age of his vines (see below for more on this). Vine age: There’s no doubt that the element of vine age is conflated with yields and quality, with older vines often producing better fruit – but less of it. As Mike Dunn told me, the wines from his oldest vines are “more intriguing”, but at some point economics comes into play, and the level of production is financially unsustainable. It’s another non-linear relationship, however, as Durantou Reilhac explains: “Some 70-year-old grandmas can run and dance, and others are weaker.” Although most old vines will produce less fruit, she finds it’s far from uniform in her vineyards – and sometimes there will be young vines that produce less. Virus and millerandage: Virused vines will produce lower yields, and as with old vines, will reach a point where they are unsustainable. While on the surface virus is negative, certain producers do value the reduction in yield or slower ripening that is a result of disease – South Africa’s Hamilton Russell being one (with leafroll virus). Quinta do Noval persists with its own-rooted Nacional vineyard, suffering from phylloxera, with the vines slowly dying and yielding tiny volumes, to produce a particularly special and rare Vintage Port. Similarly, millerandage is a condition most commonly a consequence of poor weather at fruit-set, producing grape clusters with unevenly sized grapes, combining larger and smaller (or shot) berries – sometimes referenced as hen-and-chick. While this reduces yield, the phenomenon is sometimes valued for giving increased concentration to wine. Indeed, some particular clones – such as the Mendoza, Wente or Gingin clones of Chardonnay – are valued for their bunches with hen-and-chicks, and Bret Brothers, for example, even makes a special Cuvée Millerandée – with millerandée Chardonnay – from Les Quarts (a Pouilly-Vinzelles site recently awarded Premier Cru status). Cover crops: At Henri Giraud, Sébastien le Golvet feels that cover crops are essential to the quality of their fruit – and the yield. Sewn just before harvest, the cover crops provide competition up until flowering when they roll the grass mix, creating a bed that holds water and offers nitrogen to the soils, acting as a natural fertiliser – in a way both moderating then fuelling the vines’ growth. This is one hint at the extent to which the type of soils and level of organic matter, not to mention water availability, dictated by site and the farming methods, are all key. The previous vintage: There are two theories at play here. Firstly, conditions during what is known as the initiation phase of the vine cycle, which takes place alongside flowering, will dictate the yield of the following vintage. In 2023 in Burgundy for example, one of the factors in yield was that the spring of 2022 offered perfect conditions, laying the groundwork for 2023’s plentiful crop. As Sébastien le Golvet also explained, however, a large crop in one vintage can tire the vines, meaning they have less to give the following year. How wine producers manage yield The vine naturally wants to reproduce, to grow, ripen fruit and spread its seeds. Vignerons are tasked with taming the plant to focus its energies to develop fruit of concentration and complexity that will make fine wine. This is done in many ways, some of which include: Pruning: The first stage to set up the yield in an existing vineyard is pruning, leaving the appropriate number of buds per vine for the season ahead. The timing of this varies according to the producer, from December through to March, with later pruning helping delay the vine cycle, which is sometimes desirable. Alvina Pernot, for example, specifically pruned her vines shortly (ie to offer a lower crop) in 2023 to help the vines recover from the relatively high-yielding 2022 vintage. Lalou Bize-Leroy famously works with very low yields, and emphasises how important pruning is in this (Domaine Leroy harvested just under 30hl/ha in 2023, its highest ever yield – a number which would still be low by many producers’ standards). De-budding or suckering: In spring, producers will de-bud or sucker the vines, removing lateral shoots and providing further control of the potential yield, as well as the spacing and position of the crop. In 2023 in Burgundy, many producers emphasised how important this was. Hugues Pavelot described it as “drastic”, while Philippe Jouan passed through his vines twice. At Bouchard, Frédéric Weber explained how some of the buds produced two or three bunches in 2023 (rather than the normal one), meaning that even with extensive de-budding yields were very high. Green harvesting: Green-harvesting is the most discussed method of yield control, and one that divides producers. We spoke to several Burgundian vignerons who avoid it (Dominique Lafon, Jacques Devauges at Domaine des Lambrays, Philippe Jouan and Jean-Marie Fourrier, to name a few) – some of whom felt that they had no choice but to use the method in 2023, despite their best efforts. The reason against green-harvesting is that the vine will try to compensate, and that it can be avoided with managing the vineyard in other ways. That said, there are many top-tier producers that green-harvest, and feel it is key to the quality they produce (Ch. Margaux, Eglise-Clinet, Georges Noëllat and Olivier Bernstein, to name a few). And it’s not a decision that any take lightly, well aware that they are literally throwing away potential income. At Cerbaiona, Fioretti compares the vines to runners or cyclists – needing to carry as little weight as possible to get over the finish line. With Sangiovese, he finds it’s unavoidable, especially with the presence of “wings” or “shoulders” (smaller separate clusters that sit on the shoulder of the main bunch). The timing is key, and many producers emphasise the importance of green-harvesting early in the season. For Noëmie Durantou Reilhac, she aims to have this done prior to véraison to avoid twisting the stems (which would impact sap flow) and damaging the skins of the remaining bunches. She’ll do a final pass through her vineyards just before harvest, but this is a method of sorting rather than impacting the ripeness of the grapes on the vine. “There’s a certain point where you can reduce fruit, say a month away from picking, but it won’t do anything,” says Myriad’s Mike Smith. Like many producers, he favours green-harvesting mid-véraison to drop anything that is behind, helping even the ripeness of the crop – as Bascaules does at Ch. Margaux. In 2023, several Burgundy producers highlighted having to do multiple passes to reduce the crop – doing what was sometimes referred to as a “pink” or “blue” harvest on top of a green harvest. Canopy management: A vine’s leaves are its engine – responsible for photosynthesis. The larger the canopy, the larger the engine, therefore trimming the vine’s canopy can help lower its vigour, while keeping a larger leaf area can help encourage vigour. This needs to be considered alongside airflow (to avoid disease pressure) and shading of the bunches (which could delay ripening). If the canopy isn’t balanced with the volume of fruit, it can also negatively impact fruit composition – especially the acid make-up and development of colour and phenolics. Ivan Massonnat (Belargus) explained that in 2022 and 2023, for example, he used a high trellis, allowing a larger leaf area, to capture maximum light and photosynthesis to fuel the vines; but in 2022 he did the opposite, wanting to reduce the size of the “sugar machine”. It has, he notes, become common for large canopies to be used alongside low yields, especially by producers in Burgundy, something he feels has gone too far at certain addresses: “You can kill a wine with concentration,” he says. Some argue that trimming the canopy can encourage it to grow further, while others want to retain a large canopy to encourage root growth (Olivier Lamy feels that the vine has the same amount of growth above and below ground, therefore wanting to retain his canopy to the roots to drive deep into the soil). Lamy is one of a cohort of producers using “tressage”, or braiding, to tame the canopy – a technique pioneered by Lalou Bize-Leroy. For her the aim is to avoid cutting the apex (or growing tip) which would otherwise encourage the growth of lateral shoots. Producers such as Charles Lachaux have taken this even further, training vines to a single stake (more common on the steep slopes of Priorat, Côte-Rôtie or the Mosel) and weaving the shoots into distinctive arches.  The relationship between yield and quality is undoubtedly a tricky one – and one that every producer I spoke to feels is deeply complex. We couldn’t touch on everything here (the tiny yields for botrytised sweet wines, for example, or typically higher yields used for sparkling wine), but there’s plenty to consider. While it remains clear that excessive yields can produce dilute wines, with so many variables play, it’s also clear that less isn’t always better. Read more Editorial

Burgundy’s vignerons were blessed with quantity in 2023, but – when it comes to making fine wine – how much is too much? We spoke to a host of top producers to find out if low yields really do mean better quality

Do low yields really mean better quality when it comes to wine? We talk to Ch. Margaux, Cerbaiona, Eglise-Clinet, Belargus, Dunn, Myriad and more to find out

Understanding yield and quality in wine

Yield and quality: is less really more?

Our team spent several weeks exploring the 2023 vintage in Burgundy – visiting, tasting and talking to a range of producers up and down the Côte d’Or. Here, we offer a run-down of the year by producer, from north to south, reporting on how each fared and our pick of their range this year

A run-down of the Burgundy 2023 vintage wines en primeur by producer: from Fourrier to Lafon via Bernstein, Lamarche, Lambrays, Duroche and Hudelot-Noellat 

Burgundy 2023 vintage by producer 

Burgundy 2023: by producer

2001 Chambolle-Musigny, Premier Cru, Les Amoureuses, Domaine Jacques-Frédéric Mugnier (and lashings of Beaujolais) – chosen by Daniel Johnnes, Wine Director of The Dinex Group and Founder of La Paulée, La Fête du Champagne, La Tablée and Pressoir  “This holiday I plan on opening several bottles of great wine. Great doesn't necessarily mean expensive or rare. I'll be sure to drink plenty of Beaujolais and mostly from my favorite producers, Morgon from Marcel Lapierre, Fleurie from Jean-Louis Dutraive and Chiroubles from Domaine Thillardon. As much as they are "drink everyday" wines, they also have the magic power of putting a smile on everyone's face.  “Yet, for that really special wine, I plan on opening a bottle of Chambolle-Musigny Premier Cru Les Amoureuses 2001 from Domaine Jacques-Frédéric Mugnier. Chambolle-Musigny is among my favorite villages in Burgundy and the Amoureuses vineyard could easily make a case to be classified as Grand Cru. It combines the perfume, texture, elegance and persistence typical of the very best red Burgundy. The style of Domaine Mugnier is one of refinement and grace. And with 20-plus years’ age, it should be perfect for drinking now. Even though it will accompany a roast chicken, this wine is like a celebration and a meal in and of itself.”  2018 Klein Constantia Vin de Constance – chosen by Jeffrey Koren, Head of Wine at Marceline, London  “While it’s easy to open a perfunctory bottle of Port or Sauternes at the end of a Christmas meal, the oh-so-delicious Vin de Constance by Klein Constantia has become my go-to sweet wine for the festive period over the past few years. Steeped in history, Vin de Constance was famously a favourite of Napoleon and lauded by authors like Jane Austen and Baudelaire. These days, winemaker Matt Day has revived this legendary dessert wine to its former acclaim. It always offers wonderful notes of apricot, honey and spice. But most importantly, it’s balanced by refreshing acidity that is an absolute necessity after an indulgent holiday meal.”  Hauller Frères Pinot Gris La Chappelle Signature – chosen by Joséphine Duffau-Lagarrosse, Ch. Beauséjour   “Ludovic Hauller is a long-standing friend I met during my studies in Burgundy. I appreciate the precision that his family channels into the wines, and this cuvée showcases great finesse, with freshness and elegance, mirroring the granite terroir in which the vines grow. It’s a Pinot Gris of remarkable complexity, hailing from a plot that sits below the Chapelle Saint-Sébastien de Dambach-la-Ville. Ludovic introduced me to Alsatian wines, which I knew little of previously, and I love this cuvée. As for when, this is definitely the kind of bottle I would open in the days following Christmas, with my family, playing board games by the fire and putting the world to rights, patiently waiting for the New Year!”  2002 Champagne Salon, Giuseppe Mascarello’s 2017 Barolo Villero, Tiberio’s 2018 Colle Vota – chosen by Lorenza Sebasti, Castello di Ama  “As usual, this Christmas we will open a magnum of 2002 Champagne Salon. I remember we had the chance to buy a few magnums a long time ago as they were precisely the birth years of our children (1997, 1999 and 2002). Then I guess I will spoil everyone at home with a beautiful Barolo Giuseppe Mascarello Villero 2017 and Colle Vota Montepulciano d’Abruzzo 2018 from my dear friend Cristiana Tiberio. She makes very few bottles of this very elegant and vibrant wine, which is among my favourite reds.”  2021 La Morandina Moscato d’Asti – chosen by Donald Edwards, Head Sommelier at La Trompette, London  “Beyond the best white Burgundy I can lay my grubby mits on, I’ll be cracking the second bottle on a case of La Morandina’s 2021 Moscato d’Asti – part of a new festive tradition. Back when my wine appreciation was still protean, I heard a rumour that Moscato d’Asti – the sweet fizzy floral stuff that we sold in my Glasgow Oddbins – ages magnificently. Twenty or so years later, I’m the Head Sommelier at La Trompette, hosting a big Piedmont-themed wine lunch. Barolos and Barbarescos aplenty litter the room, but the wine that stops me in my tracks? A 2013 Moscato d’Asti from Giuseppe Vajra. It was phenomenal, still gleefully tasty, but now with a touch of extra weight, more waxy lime skin and late-evening summer flowers, heady in its bouquet. Here she was, my white whale, and, boy, she didn’t disappoint.  “Last December, visiting La Morandina in Asti, I asked whether they had anything with a bit of age and lo! a 15-year-old magnum appeared. My stars had aligned for a second time – the wine equally lovely, offering a bit more exotic spice, cardamom and coriander seed along with the sweet creamy lime zest. Crucially, this time I could see the germ of a plan. Each year, I would buy a cast of Moscato d’Asti, building a reserve of Moscato to steadily enjoy over the coming years. I’ll be the Christmas king of deliciously sweet floral fizz. So, on the morning of 25th, I’ll be twisting the top off the second bottle from last year’s case and smugly enjoying my Moscato and crumpet as I let my mind wander over the riches I’m preparing for the coming years.”  François Cotat Sancerre Le Mont Damné and Massican Gemina – chosen by Alex Sarovich, Founder and CEO of Own Rooted Hospitality  "As the oldest of five in a large Italian family, I've learned that selecting the perfect wine is an art form that requires careful consideration of both the food and the audience. When I'm hanging out with my twin 24-year-old brothers, they're all about vibrant, crisp wines like Champagne or Sancerre. If I can get my hands on it, I love surprising them with a bottle of Cotat’s Le Mont Damné, a truly exceptional wine that never fails to impress.  “In contrast, when I'm with my mom and aunt, we lean into our Italian roots. White wines from Italy are a staple in our household, especially when we're in the kitchen, cooking and preparing a meal together. This year, I'm planning to bring a bottle of Massican Gemina to our holiday gathering in McMinnville. This beautiful white blend, composed of Greco, Falanghina, and Fiano grapes from top California vineyards, perfectly captures the essence of our family's wine appreciation – a nod to our Italian heritage with a California twist.”  Coche-Dury Meursault, Domaine de Trévallon and Jean-Michel Gérin Côte-Rôtie La Landonne – chosen by Philippe Abadie of Alvina Pernot  “First of all, we decided to open a bottle of 2022 Meursault from Domaine Coche-Dury, given to us by a client to celebrate the birth of our son Pâris, who was born on January 1st 2022. We also really like the new style introduced by Raphaël since he took over this magnificent estate. Then Trévallon: my grandfather Georges from the south of France was an unconditional fan of the estate, and during my childhood there was always a bottle on festive tables (for birthdays, Christmas, New Year, etc) – so this will be a little wink to him. Then last, a bottle of Côte-Rôtie La Landonne by Jean-Michel Gérin. The story goes back to a few weeks after I first met Alvina, for this is the bottle of red we drank on our first restaurant date.”  2022 Domaine Yui A Rouge – chosen by Carlito Chiu, Wine Director at Andō, Hong Kong  “Established in 2019 by the dynamic husband-and-wife duo Tetsuya and Aya Sugiyama, Domaine Yui is a Japanese winery with a profound mission of unity and togetherness. Inspired by the meaning of the Japanese word “yui”, “to connect/link”, the Sugiyamas are dedicated to bringing people together through their shared love for wine and agriculture. Their A Rouge is a remarkable expression of Burgundy-style red wine crafted in Hokkaido, Japan – a specific blend of Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Gris that showcases the region’s terroir. It is particularly special to me because it embodies the innovative spirit of Japanese winemaking, while honouring traditional techniques. For me, this wine represents the potential of Japanese terroir and the dedication of winemakers committed to producing world-class wines, making it a wonderful choice for celebrating the joy and warmth of the Christmas season.”  Read more Editorial

As friends and family gather together over Christmas, it’s the perfect time to pull the cork on something special. Here, some of the wine world’s biggest names – with leading sommeliers and top winemakers – to tell us what they’re cracking open this year, and why

Insight on what the wine world’s most famous names – sommeliers and star winemakers – are drinking over Christmas, from Salon Champagne to Vin de Constance 

What the wine world is drinking this Christmas

What those in the industry are drinking this Christmas

Burgundy’s vignerons are currently preoccupied with the 2024 vintage – one that has been challenging, with warm, wet weather and high disease pressure, leading to a relatively late harvest in comparison to recent years. But we’ll soon be back on the ground, tasting the 2023s with producers. We’ll be providing a full, detailed report as soon as we can, but – in the meantime – here’s a preview of what to expect from the year.   The 2023 growing season in Burgundy  The growing season wasn’t – for once – hugely eventful in 2023, until the harvest, at least. The winter was warm and dry, delaying budbreak until early April and allowing the region to escape the dangers of frost. The warm weather continued, with a quick and even flowering – promising a generous and homogenous crop. Across the season, rainfall was average for the region. Showers seemed to arrive when needed to support vine growth, with some storms in June, but any disease pressure was easily handled by producers. There was a little localised hail in July, with some damage reported in Meursault.  The first grapes were brought in from 25th August (starting with those destined for Crémant de Bourgogne). Fruit destined for still wines started coming in from the very end of August: 29th for Alvina Pernot, Au Pied du Mont Chauve and Louis Jadot following on 4th September, and Samuel Billaud in Chablis on 11th, with all the fruit in by the end of September. Just as harvest got underway, however, temperatures soared: making for incredibly challenging conditions. As Frédéric Barnier at Jadot explained, it was the first time they’d had to pick in the middle of a heatwave – but was, as he said, “probably our future”. The challenge was largely human: ensuring the safety of those out in the vines picking. There were widespread reports after five people died further north in Champagne due to the strenuous conditions. Some producers harvested at night, or as early as possible once dawn broke, ensuring they stopped before the heat of the day set in, to reduce the risk to pickers. Barnier explained that, although challenging for the team, the hot spell was helpful for the reds. While they picked the whites, the conditions allowed the Pinot Noir to concentrate and gain density, as well as reducing the sometimes-extreme volumes.  The yields were so generous (thanks to the even flowering, warm conditions and plentiful rainfall) that green harvesting was key. Frédéric Weber of Bouchard explained how the vineyards were “a wall of grapes” and they had to drop half the crop. Faiveley green harvested across 80% of its vines. Nevertheless, producers saw record volumes, even on normally low-yielding old vines. At Heresztyn-Mazzini, they reported finding single bunches on their old vines that weighed half a kilo, and Cyril Audoin found he was at the legal maximum even on his oldest plots. At Domaine des Lambrays, Jacques Devauges reported that there’s a third more of their Grand Cru Clos des Lambrays in the vintage, with an impressive 40hl/ha. There were even reports of producers reaching 100hl/ha in potential crop.  Although most vignerons saw even higher yields than 2022, that wasn’t universally the case – as at Lamarche and Hubert Lamy, who both brought in slightly smaller crops than the year before. Even at these addresses, however, producers are happy to have full cellars – and with high-quality wines too.  Key decisions for Burgundy 2023  “It was hard to make bad wines in 2022, but was very easy to take wrong decisions in 2023,” said Louis-Michel Liger-Belair of Domaine du Comte Liger-Belair when we visited him last year.  Harvest dates are always important when it comes to the pernickety Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, but there were many elements to consider in this vintage. Space was a challenge for some producers, on a purely practical level, needing the requisite number of tanks at the right time to allow them to harvest at the right time. The hot end to the season risked losing freshness, so preserving acidity – especially in the whites – was key. As mentioned above, managing the crop-load was important, balancing quantity and quality. Yields were less of a concern when it came to the white grapes, as Chardonnay is better able to manage high yields, however there was potential concern over concentration for the reds. Good producers, of course, are well aware of the need to balance the vine to avoid any potential dilution – and handled the season to harvest a good crop of high-quality fruit.  With the Chardonnay, Barnier explained how at Jadot they blocked the malolactic on some lots to retain freshness; while for the reds, sorting was important (to remove any shrivelled berries) and saignée common. At Jadot, they bled off between 10 and 20% of the juice. We haven’t yet spoken to many producers regarding élevage; with higher volumes, however, we anticipate that there may be higher portions of new oak at some addresses, while others will have looked to alternative vessels to complement their “standard” portion of wood.  The style of the wines in 2023  So far, we’ve tasted very little – only the whites from Samuel Billaud and Alvina Pernot (both of which were very impressive – find more on these below), and we’ll be reporting more once we’ve been out to taste more comprehensively. We can, however, tell you what producers are saying – and what we’re expecting based on the growing season and our conversations so far.  Following on from the good yields of 2022, 2023 was another plentiful vintage – allowing producers to replenish stocks, and cellars are looking much less bare. With the warm weather and good rainfall, the wines are riper than the 2022s, quite generous in style, with an approachability that means they will drink well in youth – yet don’t let that fool you into thinking they don’t also have good acidity.  We have heard rumours of heterogeneity, and – as ever – producer decisions are key in determining success; with the human hand likely more important than site this year. Those that over-cropped risked producing dilute wines – but they are undoubtedly in the minority, and lesser names. That said, from what we’ve tasted and heard, there is good consistency across sites – from village through to Premier and Grand Cru, and across the Côte d’Or.  Alcohol levels are average for the region – sitting between 12% for Bourgogne or village wines, and up to 13.5% for some Grands Crus. The reds are not powerhouses; Jean-Marie Fourrier compared them to 2009 for their ripeness and the generous yields, but Barnier at Jadot feels they sit between the 2017s and 2019s in terms of richness, with a “buvabilité” (“drinkability”) that is very appealing. We expect the whites to be particularly strong this year – offering similar acidity levels to 2022, but additional richness.  At Alvina Pernot, it’s brilliant to see the style develop – with a very complete range of effortless composure; we loved all the wines, but the Meursault Perrières was an undeniable highlight. Alvina Pernot and Philippe Abadie love the purity and balance in their wines, and suggest the 2023s are a blend of the 2020 and 2022 vintages, while Barnier points to a vintage somewhere between 2015 and 2018. The 2018 vintage is also the reference point for Samuel Billaud in Chablis, whose wines were already enticingly aromatic in July this year – precise and gourmand, with a satisfying suppleness.  News from the region  Burgundy, more than ever before, is a region constantly shifting, with land changing hands, producers and ranges evolving. Here are some of the key developments to be aware of for the vintage:  William Fèvre: This benchmark Chablis producer was acquired by Domaines Barons de Rothschild (of Ch. Lafite Rothschild fame) and 2023 will be the first vintage under their ownership – although be reassured that longtime winemaker Didier Séguier remains in situ.  Alvina Pernot: Alvina Pernot stepped down from her family estate (Domaine Paul Pernot) in time for the 2023 harvest, to focus exclusively on her project with husband Philippe Abadie. There is also a new Premier Cru in the line-up this year – Puligny-Montrachet Champs Gains.  Henri Boillot: The 2023 is the 40th vintage that Henri Boillot has produced of their monopole Clos de la Mouchère – a site to which he is rightfully attached. He also noted that the range is around 90% domaine in the vintage.  Hubert Lamy: The 2023 vintage is the first to be made in his new, enlarged cellar.  Charles van Canneyt: The star winemaker behind Domaine Hudelot-Noëllat purchased Domaine des Chézeaux and the 2023 vintage will see the first wines made by him from the estate (under a name that remains to be confirmed). The acquisition brought some prime vineyards, including Griotte-Chambertin, Chambertin, Clos Saint-Denis and Lavaux-Saint-Jacques.  Duroché: The 2023 will be the first vintage of a new Corton from Duroché (half a hectare in Corton Rognet). Technically it is négoce, but is domaine in all but name as they are farming the site themselves.  Olivier Bernstein: Although the Bernstein team has long been farming organically, the 2023 vintage is the first on their path to official certification.  Bouchard Père & Fils: Since Artémis Domaines (the Pinault family of Ch. Latour) purchased the company in 2022, Bouchard has been winding down their négoce operation and the 2023 vintage will be the last for the final few négoce wines, with the range domaine-only from 2024.   What we know so far about Burgundy 2023  A relatively uneventful growing season with a heatwave during harvest  A plentiful crop of good-quality approachable reds and whites  Alcohol levels are average for the region, between 12 and 13.5%  The whites expected to be particularly strong, combining richness and good levels of acidity  The reds seem juicier in style, destined to drink well in their youth and for the medium term  A vintage where producer decisions rather than site seem to have dictated the style of the wines   Keep your eyes peeled for further coverage of the Burgundy 2023 in the coming weeks. In the meantime, browse all available Burgundy 2023. 

Next month our team will be heading out to Burgundy to taste and dig into the 2023 vintage. Ahead of our full report and as the first wines are released en primeur, here’s everything we know so far

Ahead of our full report on Burgundy 2023, here’s everything we know about the vintage, the growing season and the wines produced

A first look at the Burgundy 2023 vintage

Burgundy 2023: first look

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